quiz 18-21

• What event led to the resurgence of xenophobia and racism after World War I?

  The Red Scare
• Who took over Russia in 1919 and established the Soviet Union?

  Vladimir Lenin
• What was the approximate membership of the IWW during the Red Scare?

  70,000
• What actions did politicians and businessmen face during the Red Scare?

  They were mailed bombs, causing widespread panic.
• Who was the Attorney General that aimed to take down perceived enemies of the United States?

  1. Mitchell Palmer
• What was the role of J. Edgar Hoover during the Palmer Raids?

  He was appointed head of the FBI.
• What groups were targeted during the Palmer Raids?

  Communists, socialists, anarchists, and immigrants
• What civil rights violations occurred during the Palmer Raids?

  Agents raided homes and offices, imprisoning and deporting people without trial.
• What caused the Palmer Raids to lose public support?

  No evidence was found during the raids.
• What were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti charged with in 1920?

  Armed robbery and murder
• Why did the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti cause outrage?

  They maintained their innocence and provided valid alibis, yet were found guilty.
• What was the outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

  Both were executed in 1927.
• What did the AFL pledge during WWI?

  Not to promote strikes.
• How many strikes took place in 1919?

  Over 3,000 strikes
• What accusation did employers make against strikers and unions in 1919?

  They accused them of communism.
• What was the Boston Police Strike of 1919 about?

  Officers protested over not getting a raise and not being allowed to unionize.
• Who sent the National Guard during the Boston Police Strike?

  Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge
• What happened to the protestors during the Boston Police Strike?

  They were fired and replaced with new officers.
• What was the Steel Mill Strike of 1920 about?

  Workers wanted shorter hours and living wages.
• How did U.S. Steel Corporation respond to the Steel Mill Strike?

  They refused to meet with unions.
• What did companies hire to counter the Steel Mill Strike?

  Strikebreakers, or replacement workers
• What was the outcome of the Steel Mill Strike?

  Steel companies eventually reduced work hours after public outcry.
• What was the Coal Miners Strike of 1919 about?

  John L. Lewis defied court orders to reopen mines.
• What agreement was made during the Coal Miners Strike?

  Miners’ wages were increased by 27%.
• What was the long-term effect of the labor movement after the Coal Miners Strike?

  It declined from 5 million to 3 million members.
• Why did unions struggle to unite immigrant workers?

  Many immigrants spoke multiple languages.
• What was a significant exclusion in many unions during the 1920s?

  Most unions excluded Afro-American workers.
• What percentage of Americans lived in communities with populations of at least 2,500 by 1920?

  Over 50%
• Which cities had populations over 1 million by 1920?

  New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia
• What challenges did rural migrants face when moving to cities?

  They had to quickly adapt to fast-paced city life.
• How did city people judge others compared to small-town residents?

  They judged based on appearance and accomplishments.
• What habits did cities tolerate that small towns did not?

  Habits seen as sinful.
• What did the 18th Amendment do?

  Made alcohol illegal.
• What did supporters of Prohibition claim about drinking?

  It was the cause of social ills and danger to households and workplaces.
• What was created to enforce Prohibition?

  The Volstead Act
• What was the public's attitude towards life after World War I?

  People wanted to enjoy life.
• What were speakeasies?

  Covert saloons where people drank in secret.
• What loopholes did people seek during Prohibition?

  Permits for alcohol for medicinal and religious purposes.
• What increased due to Prohibition?

  Illegal production and smuggling of alcohol.
• Who ran a ruthless bootleg empire based in Chicago?

  Al Capone