Knee & Patella

• What is the largest sesamoid bone ?

  patella
• What are the two aeas of the patella ?

  Apex (inferior)

  Base ( superior )
• Between what age does the patella develop ?

  3-5 years of age
• How many ligaments in the knee ?

  4
• How many cruciate ligaments in the knee joint and what are they ?

  2 : posterior cruciate and anterior cruciate
• How many collateral ligaments are in the knee joint and what are they ?

  2 ; Tibial Collateral and Fibular Collateral
• What are the two fibrocartilage disks in the knee ?

  Lateral Meniscus and Medial Meniscus
• Which Meniscus is connected to the fibula ?

  Lateral meniscus
• Which meniscus is connected to the tibia ?

  Medial meniscus
• What has the function of providing stability for knee and act as schock absorber ?

  the menisci
• What type of joint space is the patellofemoral joint ?

  synonival gliding
• What can the gliding joint allow you to do ?

  flexion and extension
• Which joint is the largest joint in the body ?

  femorotibial joint
• What type of joint space is the femerotibial joint ?

  synovial modified-hinge
• What does a synovial modified-hinge allow you to do ?

  flexion, extension , medial rotation , and lateral rotation
• displacement of a bone form the joint space

  dislocaiton
• What is the central ray for a AP KNEE ?

  Directed to a point 1/2 inck inferior to the patellar apex

  18cm : 5 caudad

  19-24cm: Perpendicular

  25cm : 5 cephalad
• Where is the IR located during a AP KNEE ?

  under the patient's knee, flex the joint slightly. Center the IR about 1/2 inch below the patellar apex. ( centered to the knee joint ) .
• What is the collimation for a AP KNEE ?

  8x10
• What should be symmetrical on a AP KNEE ?

  femoral condyles
• What needs to be centered on a AP KNEE ?

  intercondylar eminence
• What joint space should be open during an AP KNEE ?

  femorotibial joint space
• What should be superimposed during an AP KNEE ?

  Patella completely superimposed on the femur
• What shouldnt be rotated during a AP KNEE ?

  pelvis
• What side should the patient be turned on during LAT KNEE ?

  affected side
• What should not be rotated during a LAT KNEE ?

  pelvis
• What degrees should the knee be flexed because it relaxes the muscles and shows the maximum volume of the joint cavity ?

  20-30 degrees
• Where is the CR located during a LAT KNEE ?

  1 inch distal tothe medial epicondule at an angle of 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
• Where should the IR located duringa LAT KNEE ?

  perpendicular to the epicondyle and patella
• What is the collimation for a LAT KNEE ?

  8 X 10 1 inch the patella and 1 inch beyond the posterior shadow
• What reveals narrowing of a joint space that appears normal on a non-weight-bearing study ?

  weight-bearing study
• Where is the location of the PATIENT during a WEIGHT-BEARING AP ?

  center the patients knees to the middle of the IR
• inverted knee ( knocked knee)

  valgus
• external rotation of the tibia ( bowlegged)

  varus
• build-up of fluid ( dark area )

  joint effusion
• when the patella has broken free from ligament ( can be repaired by surgery)

  subluxation
• What has the evaulation criteria for a AP WEIGHT-BEARING ?

  both knees without rotation

  joint spaces centered to the exposure area
• What is the COLLIMATION for a AP WEIGHT-BEARING ?

  14x17
• Where is the IR centered during a AP WEIGHT-BEARING ?

  1/2 inch below the apices of the patellae
• Where is the CR located during a AP WEIGHTBEARING ?

  horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR , entering at a point 1/2 inch