Enzyme Inhibitors

• What is the focus of the video on enzyme inhibitors?

  Effective inhibitors on enzyme-controlled reactions
• What is an inhibitor in the context of enzymes?

  A substance that reduces or stops a reaction
• How does an inhibitor affect substrate binding to an enzyme?

  It affects how the substrate binds to the enzyme
• What is competitive inhibition?

  Inhibition where the inhibitor competes with substrate
• What is a key characteristic of competitive inhibitors?

  They have a similar shape to the substrate
• What happens when a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site?

  It prevents the substrate from binding
• What is formed when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme?

  An enzyme-inhibitor complex
• What is the effect of competitive inhibitors on enzyme-substrate complexes?

  They reduce the number of enzyme-substrate complexes
• What is the difference between reversible and irreversible inhibitors?

  Reversible inhibitors can be released; irreversible cannot
• What is an inactivator?

  An irreversible inhibitor that permanently inactivates an enzyme
• What does the graph of competitive inhibition show regarding substrate concentration?

  Higher substrate concentration can overcome inhibition
• What is the key characteristic of non-competitive inhibitors?

  They bind to an allosteric site, not the active site
• What happens when a non-competitive inhibitor binds to the allosteric site?

  It disrupts the enzyme's tertiary structure
• How does the maximum rate of reaction differ between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?

  Non-competitive inhibitors lower the maximum rate
• What is end product inhibition?

  The final product binds to the enzyme, stopping catalysis
• How does end product inhibition function as a feedback system?

  It prevents accumulation of the end product
• What role does the end product play in a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

  It acts as a non-competitive inhibitor for the first enzyme
• What happens to the active site of the first enzyme when the end product binds?

  It changes shape and is no longer complementary to the substrate
• What occurs when the concentration of the end product falls?

  The end product releases from the allosteric site
• Why are enzymes for a given process located in the same organelle?

  To increase efficiency of metabolic processes
• What is the benefit of having dedicated organelles for metabolic processes?

  It prevents the need for product transport