histo lec finals

    Cards (94)

    • What is the main purpose of staining in histopathology?
      To study tissue architecture and characteristics
    • How does staining enable visualization of tissues?
      Through capillary osmosis and dye absorption
    • What is the principle behind the staining of alkaline structures?
      They are stained by acidic stains
    • What color does eosin stain the cytoplasm?
      Red
    • What color does hematoxylin stain the nucleus?
      Blue
    • What are the types of histological staining?
      • Microanatomic stains
      • Bacterial stains
      • Specific tissue stains
    • What does histochemical staining focus on?
      Specific chemical components of tissues
    • What does Perl’s Prussian Blue demonstrate?
      Ferric iron (Fe3+) in tissues
    • What does the Periodic Acid Schiff stain?
      Carbohydrates
    • What is the purpose of immunohistochemical staining?
      To detect phenotypic markers using antibodies
    • What is specific staining based on?
      Controlled chemical reactions for color at sites
    • What is an example of a specific staining technique?
      Perl’s Prussian blue reaction
    • What is simple staining?

      Staining with a simple dye solution
    • What color does eosin stain the cytoplasm?
      PINK
    • What is the role of a mordant in staining?
      It helps link dye to tissue for staining
    • What is an example of a mordant?
      Potassium Alum
    • What is the function of an accentuator in staining?
      It increases color intensity without binding
    • What is progressive staining?
      Staining until desired intensity is reached
    • What is regressive staining?
      Overstaining followed by dye removal
    • What is metachromatic staining also known as?
      Metachromasia
    • What does counterstaining provide?
      Contrast and background to structural components
    • What is vital staining?
      Staining of living cell constituents
    • What does intravital staining involve?
      Injecting dye into an animal's body
    • What is supravital staining?
      Staining living cells after removal
    • What is metallic impregnation used for?
      To precipitate heavy metals in tissues
    • What is an example of a natural dye?
      Hematoxylin
    • What are chromophores?
      Substances capable of producing visible colors
    • What are auxochromes?
      Substances that alter the shade of a dye
    • What is differentiation in staining?
      Selective removal of excess dye
    • What is hematoxylin extracted from?
      Heartwood of Haematoxylon campechianum
    • What is the ripening process of hematoxylin?
      Oxidizing hematoxylin by air and sunlight
    • What is the most commonly used mordant?
      Aluminum
    • What is eosin primarily used for?
      As a background or contrast stain
    • What is the most commonly used eosin dye?
      Eosin Y
    • What is formed by the oxidation of Hematoxylin?
      Hematin
    • What is the process of ripening in staining?
      Exposing the substance to air and sunlight
    • How long does the ripening process usually take?
      1. 4 months
    • How can the ripening process be accelerated?
      By adding strong oxidizing agents
    • Why is ripened hematoxylin almost useless without a mordant?
      It has low affinity for tissue
    • What is the complex of stain and mordant called?
      A lake
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