post 1948

• when was FEDSAW created and what was it?


  1954

  Federation of South African women
• what were the events of the defiance campaign?



  2 stages: local protest, breaking laws e.g not carrying passes

  : nationwide strikes and protests

  10,000 attended

  8,500 arrested
• when was the defiance campaign?


  june 1952 - april 1953
• When was the group areas act passed and why?

  july 1950

  the government believed multi ethnic areas could not thrive
• what were the successes and failures of the defiance campaign?


  success: ANC membership grew - 4,000 -> 100,000

  : government was embarrassed

  : first major opposition movement

  failures: did not meet its aim to end apartheid

  : capped at embarrassing government

  :only had one large protest

  : 8,600 arrested + accused of being communist
• what was the effects of the defiance campaign?



  public safety act passed

  8,500 arrested
• when was the public safety act passed and what was it?


  1953

  the government could call a state of emergency at any point
• what was the group areas?


  act that stated where each ethnic group could or couldn't live
• what was Sophiatown?


  a multi racial (grey) area
• what was the effect of the group areas act?


  60,000 black people had to relocate out of Sophiatown

  3.5 million minorities forcibly relocated
• what was the eiselen report?


  trigger for the bantu education act

  report made in 1949 which investigated black south african education and suggested improvements
• what improvements were suggested by the eiselen report?


  africans should be protected from white influence

  africans should only be taught the skills required to function as cheap labour (vocational skills)
• when was the bantu education act passed and what did it do?


  1953

  stopped subsidiaries for black church run missionary schools

  introduced a new vocational skills only curriculum
• what was the effect of the bantu education act?


  black south africans were not taught any intellectual skills

  26,000 new teaching roles were given to black south africans (10% were not qualified)

  16x less funding on black schools than white schools

  8.99 rands : 63.99 rands - black student : white student
• what and when was the suppression of communism act?


  1950

  organisations suspected to be affiliated with communism could be banned
• what was the effect of the suppression of communism act?


  South African communist party banned

  non communist groups like the ANC were oppressed and forced to go underground