Cardiovascular

• What is the purpose of indices and ratios in measuring obesity?

  To determine if someone is obese
• What does the Body Mass Index (BMI) indicate?

  Whether someone is underweight, normal, or obese
• How is BMI calculated?

  $BMI =$$\frac{mass (kg)}{(height (m))^2}$
• What is the BMI of a person who weighs 63.0 kg and is 1.70 m tall?

  $21.8 kg/m^2$
• What BMI range indicates normal weight?

  Between 18.5 and 24.9
• What happens if you consume more energy than you use?

  Excess energy is stored as fat
• Why might BMI not be a reliable measure of obesity?

  Athletes may have high BMI due to muscle
• What is the formula for calculating waist-to-hip ratio?

  $waist-to-hip ratio =$$\frac{waist circumference (cm)}{hip circumference (cm)}$
• What does a higher waist-to-hip ratio indicate?

  More weight around the middle
• What is the waist-to-hip ratio of a woman with a waist of 29 cm and hips of 36 cm?

  $0.81$
• What waist-to-hip ratio indicates abdominal obesity for females?

  Above 0.85
• What waist-to-hip ratio indicates abdominal obesity for males?

  Above 1.0
• What health risks are associated with abdominal obesity?

  Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
• What is the mass and height of the person mentioned at the end?

  Mass is 76.0 kg and height is 1.58 m
• What are the key measures of obesity discussed?

  • Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Waist-to-Hip Ratio
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using BMI and waist-to-hip ratios?

  Strengths:

  • Simple to calculate
  • Provides a general guideline

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • May not account for muscle mass
  • Can misclassify athletes