DTM

• Stage 1

  • Total population= low
  • High BR due to lack of contraception/ family planning
  • High DR due to poor healthcare, poor diet, poor famine
  • High infant mortality which leads people to have more children so that some survive to adulthood
  • e.g. Traditional tribes in rainforests of Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia have small groups of people living separately with little contact to the outside world so have high BR & DR
• Stage 2

  • Total population= started to increase
  • high BR remain due to lack of contraception/ family planning
  • DR decreases because development in healthcare occurs
  • Infant mortality decreases due to the increase in the number of doctors and the increase in access to healthcare, Causing people to be able to get GP appointments
  • e.g. Afghanistan has a birth rate of 30 per 1000 and its death rate is 12 per 1000. About 80% of its population are farmers and need children to support them in the fields and tending livestock
• Stage 3

  • total population = increasing
  • BR decreasing due to introduction to contraception, women prioritizing their careers and more education on family planning
  • death rates stay the same due to access to healthcare
  • Infant mortality decreases due to more access to healthcare
  • e.g. Nigeria (NEE) is experiencing rapid economic growth. DR is much lower than BR, therefore, the country's population is growing rapidly
• Stage 4 


  • total population= the same
  • delayed age of giving birth due to career
  • DR fluctuating due to access to healthcare and a good diet
  • Infant mortality stays the same due to access to healthcare
• Stage 5 


  • total population= declines
  • BR continues to decrease due to contraception and women prioritising their careers.
  • DR exceeds birth rate
  • DR stays the same due to goods healthcare and an increased number of doctors
  • e.g. South Korea has the lowest birth rate in the world with 0.81 per woman.