victimology

• what does positivist victomology state?


  there are charecteristcis which make someone more likley to be a victim
• what does the positivist victimolgy approach focus on?

  interpersonal crimes of violence and looks at people who have contributed to their own victimisation
• positive victimlogists focus on what?


  victim proneness
• whats victim proneness?


  psychological and social charecteristics that make them more vunrable
• who identified 13 victim charecteristic?


  Hans von Hentig
• what are some of the 13 charcetristics?


  young old female immigrant mental ilness the fighter
• whats an example of positivist victimology?


  Marvin wolfgangs study of 588 homicides in philadelphia
• whats did marvin wolfgang find?


  26% involved victim precipitation
• whats victims precipitation?


  victim triggered events leading to the homicide
• whats an example of victim precipitation?


  being the first to use violence most common where victim is male and perpertrator female
• whats a critique of positivist victimonolgy?


  victim blaming
• whats an example of positivist victimology victim blaming?


  Amir 1971 claimes 1 in 5 rapes is precipitated which is equivalent to saying that the victim asked for it
• what does critical victimologist argue?


  the proletariat are victims of exploitation from the state and bourgeosie
• what are strcurural factors?

  poverty and patriarchywhich place women and the poor at greater risk of victimisaion
• who argued that victimisation was a form of structural powerlessness?


  mawby and watergate
• critical victimology focuses on what two elements?


  structural factors and the states power to apply the label of victim
• give an example of how the state has power to label someone a victim?


  before 1991 it was legal to rape your wife, therfore the wife is not a victim
• what did tombs and whyte say the ideological function of de-labelling was?


  conceal the extent of victimsation and its true causes
• whats the hierachy of victimisation?

  hides the crimes of the powerful and the injured workers are blamed instaed
• who belived the powerless were more likley to be victimised but less likley to have it notes by the state?

  tombs and whyte
• whats a criticism of positivist victimology?


  ignores role victims may play in crime for example not making the home secure