1920s

• What resurgence occurred after World War I?

  Xenophobia and racism
• What was the Red Scare?

  A fear of communism in the U.S.
• Who took over Russia in 1919?

  Vladimir Lenin
• What did Lenin establish in 1922?

  The Soviet Union (USSR)
• What was formed in the U.S. during the Red Scare?

  Communist Party
• How many members did the IWW have?

  Approximately 70,000
• What caused widespread panic among the American public?

  Bombs mailed to politicians and businessmen
• Who was the Attorney General during the Palmer Raids?

  1. Mitchell Palmer
• What was the aim of the Palmer Raids?

  To take down perceived enemies of the U.S.
• Who was appointed head of the FBI?

  1. Edgar Hoover
• Who were the targets of the Palmer Raids?

  Communists, socialists, anarchists, and immigrants
• What civil rights violations occurred during the Palmer Raids?

  Raids on homes and offices without trial
• What happened to public support for the Palmer Raids?

  It declined when no evidence was found
• Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

  Charged with armed robbery and murder
• What was the nationality of Sacco and Vanzetti?

  Both were Italians
• What was the outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

  They were found guilty and executed
• What caused outrage over the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

  Unfair treatment of the defendants
• What did the AFL pledge during WWI?

  Not to promote strikes
• How many strikes occurred in 1919?

  Over 3,000 strikes
• How many Americans quit their jobs during strikes in 1919?

  Over 4 million Americans
• How did employers respond to strikes?

  Accused strikers of communism
• What was the Boston Police Strike about?

  Officers protested for raises and unionization
• Who sent the National Guard during the Boston Police Strike?

  Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge
• What happened to the protestors during the Boston Police Strike?

  They were fired and replaced
• What was the Steel Mill Strike about?

  Workers wanted shorter hours and living wages
• How did U.S. Steel Corporation respond to the Steel Mill Strike?

  Refused to meet with unions
• What did companies hire during the Steel Mill Strike?

  Strikebreakers, or replacement workers
• What happened to striking workers during the Steel Mill Strike?

  Police and troops attacked them
• What was the outcome of the Steel Mill Strike?

  Steel companies reduced work hours
• What was the Coal Miners Strike about?

  John L. Lewis defied court orders
• What agreement was made during the Coal Miners Strike?

  Miners' wages increased by 27%
• What happened to the labor movement in the long term?

  It declined from 5 million to 3 million
• Why did unions fail to unite immigrant workers?

  Multiple languages created barriers
• What was a common exclusion in unions?

  Afro-American workers were often excluded
• What were some shocks for small-town people in cities?

  Fast-paced city life and social ideas
• What did the 18th Amendment do?

  Made alcohol illegal
• What did supporters claim about drinking?

  It caused social ills and dangers
• What did the Volstead Act create?

  A Prohibition Bureau
• What was the role of the Prohibition Bureau?

  To enforce Prohibition laws
• What happened after World War I regarding alcohol?

  People wanted to enjoy life