Science

• Anatomical position


  Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward.

  
• Cells


  The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are crated.

  
• Cellular functions


  Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement.

  
• Directional terminology


  Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.)

  
• Distal


  Farther from the trunk of the body

  
• Lateral


  Away from the midline of the body
• dorsum of hand


  top of hand

  
• dorsum of foot


  Top of foot

  
• posterior


  Back of the body

  
• medial


  Toward the midline of the body
• anterior


  Located towards the front of the body

  
• inferior


  Lower on the body, farther from the head

  
• Organ system


  A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.

  
• Organelle


  A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.

  
• Organ


  A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function.

  
• Reference planes


  Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse.

  
• Tissue


  A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs.

  
• Alveoli


  Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

  
• Asthma


  A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing.

  
• Bronchi


  The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.

  
• Bronchioles


  Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli.

  
• cystic fibrosis


  A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infections.

  
• perfusion


  The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.
• pleura


  A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.

  
• Surfactant


  a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli to collapse.
• tidal volume


  Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing
• trachea


  The windpipe; tube leading from the larynx to the lungs; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system

  
• ventilation


  The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation and exhalation.

  
• pulmonary loop


  Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• systemic loop


  Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart
• arteries


  Blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

  
• capillary


  Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.

  
• diastole


  The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart refills with blood.

  
• heart


  The muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.

  
• Hemoglobin


  The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

  
• leukocyte


  White blood cells, which protect the body against disease.

  
• lymph


  Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease.

  
• lymphocyte


  A subtype of white blood cell found in lymph.

  
• plasma


  The pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood cells, which blood cells, and platelets throughout the body.

  
• systole


  The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood.