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Ethan burrows
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Cards (133)
What
forms
the catalytic active site of an enzyme?
One or more
polypeptide
chains
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What are enzymes primarily composed of?
Proteins
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What is a substrate in enzymatic reactions?
A molecule that binds to the
active site
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What is the result of an enzyme action called?
Product
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What does luciferase produce?
Light
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What does catalase produce?
Heat
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What are some functions of enzymes in the body?
Digest
food
Clot blood
Regulate blood pressure
Provide defense
Breakdown
drugs
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What are the two main types of enzymatic reactions?
Anabolic
: make larger
Catabolic
: make smaller
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Why are enzymes necessary for life?
They
regulate
the pace of life
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What factors affect the rate of an enzymatic reaction?
Speed
of reaction and number of reactions
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What does enzyme kinetics study?
The rates of
enzymatic
reactions
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What instrument measures absorbance changes in enzyme kinetics?
Spectrophotometer
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What does a gradient in enzyme kinetics represent?
Reaction velocity
in
mol/min
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What indicates enzyme activity?
μmol/min
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How is enzyme purity indicated?
Enzyme activity
divided by total
protein
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When is equilibrium reached in a reaction?
When the
reaction
appears to
stop
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What characterizes reversible reactions?
They have a
constant rate
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What determines the maximum rate (Vmax) of a reaction?
Number of
enzyme molecules
present
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What does a small Kd indicate?
High
affinity
of the enzyme for substrate
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What are key factors for comparing enzymes?
Turnover number
Efficiency
Potency
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What are carbohydrates in biological systems?
Most abundant
biopolymers
Functional as
monosaccharides
,
oligosaccharides
,
polysaccharides
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What are the types of monosaccharides based on stereochemistry?
Enantiomers
Epimers
Anomers
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What type of linkages do carbohydrates have?
Glycosidic linkages
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What are examples of structural and storage carbohydrates?
Starch
(
Amylose
and
Amylopectin
)
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Chitin
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Replication
Transcription
Translation
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
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Who discovered DNA and when?
Friedrich Miescher
in
1869
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What did Miescher isolate from cells?
Acid molecules rich in
phosphate
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What did Miescher call the isolated acid molecules?
Nuclein
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Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
In the
nucleus
in
chromosomes
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How is DNA organized in prokaryotic cells?
Generally
circular
and not
membrane-bound
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What is a karyotype?
Full set of
chromosomes
in a
species
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What is the normal chromosome number in diploid cells?
Two sets of
chromosomes
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What are gametes in terms of chromosome number?
Haploid
cells with one set of
chromosomes
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What is the human genome size?
3 billion
base pairs
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How long did it take to sequence the human genome initially?
13
years
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What is the current cost and time to sequence the human genome?
500
dollars and
1
day
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What percentage of the human genome is coding?
3%
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What did Griffith's experiment demonstrate?
Transformation
of non-virulent to virulent strains
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What did Avery's experiment show about DNA?
DNA can
transform
other strains
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See all 133 cards
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