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Thermal physics
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Created by
Jack Sims
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Cards (24)
What is the internal energy of a gas?
Sum of
kinetic
and
potential
energies
What can be said about the internal energy of an ideal gas?
It equals the
kinetic energy
of particles
What is specific heat capacity?
Energy to raise
1 kg
by
1°C
What equation calculates energy required to raise temperature?
E =
mc�
�
What is the unit for specific heat capacity?
Jkg⁻¹°C⁻¹
What is activation energy?
Minimum energy for a
chemical process
What does the gradient of a temperature-energy graph represent?
1 /
Specific Heat Capacity
What equation calculates the Boltzmann factor?
Bf
= e<sup>-
ε
/kT</sup>
How do particles transfer energy between themselves?
Through random
collisions
with each other
What is the formula for energy in relation to temperature?
E =
2
k
T
3
\frac{2 kT}{3}
3
2
k
T
What is the term for the energy required for chemical processes to occur?
Activation energy
What happens if
2
k
T
3
\frac{2 kT}{3}
3
2
k
T
is less than the activation energy?
The
reaction
will be unable to occur
At what range of activation energy do reactions occur at an appreciable rate?
Between
15kT
and
30kT
How do particles exchange energy?
Through random
collisions
What determines the probability of a particle gaining enough energy to move to a higher energy level?
Random
collisions
How does the number of particles on each energy level change?
It decreases
exponentially
with each level up
What is the Boltzmann factor?
The
ratio
of particles on different energy levels
If the Boltzmann factor is ½, what does this indicate?
It is the
ratio
of
particles
between
adjacent
levels
What does the Boltzmann factor depend on?
The process involved in
energy movement
What does the Boltzmann factor ratio represent?
The "jump" involved in
energy levels
What is the equation for the Boltzmann factor?
f
B
=
f_B =
f
B
=
e
−
ϵ
k
T
e^{-\frac{\epsilon}{kT}}
e
−
k
T
ϵ
What does each symbol in the Boltzmann factor equation represent?
f_B = Boltzmann factor, e =
exponential factor
, ε =
activation energy
, k =
Boltzmann constant
, T =
temperature
What is the value of the Boltzmann constant?
0.401 × 10<sup>-23</sup>
What is the unit of temperature in the Boltzmann factor equation?
Kelvin