History - China

• What percentage of China's population was Han Chinese in 1900?

  About 90%
• Who ruled China in 1900 and what was their ethnicity?

  The emperor was Manchu, not Han Chinese
• Who were the mandarins in China?

  Ruling civil servants and middle class
• What foreign powers were exploiting China for resources?

  France, Germany, Britain, and Japan
• What was the Boxer Uprising?

  A rebellion against foreign influence in China
• What was the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists known for?

  Fighting against foreign influence
• What did the Boxers attack during their uprising?

  Foreigners and foreign-associated properties
• How did foreign powers respond to the Boxer Uprising?

  They sent troops to crush the rebellion
• What reforms did Empress Dowager Cixi attempt after the Boxer Uprising?

  Nationalizing railways and banning footbinding
• What significant event occurred in China in 1911?

  The 1911 Revolution
• What were the causes of the 1911 Revolution?

  Failed reforms, resentment of foreign influence
• Who became the emperor of China in 1908?

  A two-year-old boy named Puyi
• What was the outcome of the 1911 Revolution?

  New leadership emerged in China
• What happened to China after the 1911 Revolution?

  It fragmented into warlord-led regions
• What was the May Fourth Movement?

  A student protest against the Treaty of Versailles
• What did the Treaty of Versailles grant to Japan?

  German territories in China
• Who emerged as a leader of the Nationalist movement in China?

  Sun Yat-sen
• What political party did Sun Yat-sen establish?

  The Kuomintang (GMD)
• Who was responsible for training the Nationalist Army?

  Chang Kai-shek
• What was the CCP's initial strategy in the 1920s?

  To form an alliance with the GMD
• What were the three aims of the united front formed by the CCP and GMD?

  Defeat warlords, expel foreigners, improve lives
• What was a key factor in the success of the united front against warlords?

  Support from peasants and Soviet Union
• What happened to the warlords by 1927?

  They were defeated and China unified
• What issue arose after the defeat of the warlords?

  Infighting between the GMD and CCP
• What was the role of Empress Dowager Cixi during the Boxer Uprising?

  She supported the Boxers initially
• What was the significance of the Opium Wars in China's history?

  They marked the beginning of foreign domination
• How did foreign intervention affect Chinese sovereignty?

  It weakened China's control over its territory
• What was the relationship between the GMD and CCP during the 1920s?

  They formed a united front against warlords
• How did Sun Yat-sen's education in America influence his ideas?

  It exposed him to Western political concepts
• What were the consequences of Yan Shikai's rule from 1911 to 1916?

  He attempted to become emperor and failed
• What were the social conditions of peasants in early 20th century China?

  They faced poverty and oppression
• What role did the Soviet Union play in supporting the CCP?

  They provided advisors and weapons
• What effects did the May Fourth Movement have on Chinese nationalism?

  It inspired new revolutionary ideas among youth
• What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles for China?

  It transferred German territories to Japan
• What was the first reason the Communists gained support from peasants?

  Revolutionary ideas
• How did Chang Kek manage to gain support from Warlords?

  By offering them government positions
• What military tactic did Chang Kek use against Warlords?

  Divide and rule
• Who supplied the United Front with advisors and weapons?

  The Soviet Union
• By what year were the Warlords gone and China unified?

  1927
• What happened after the common enemy was gone?

  Infighting occurred between the Communists and GMD