Industrial

• What centuries did the Industrial Revolution occur?

  18th and 19th century
• What industry developed dramatically in Britain during the mid-18th century?

  The textile industry
• How did machines in the textile industry operate?

  Powered by water instead of by hand
• What was a significant consequence of cloth production moving to factories?

  It began the Industrial Revolution
• What powered machinery in factories later on?

  Steam
• What was a major effect of machinery in agriculture?

  Less work in the countryside
• What led to the rapid growth of towns like Manchester and Leeds?

  People moved to work in factories
• What were the living conditions like in overcrowded towns?

  Usually poor with diseases spreading quickly
• What was a common issue with housing in towns?

  Poor quality and damp rooms
• How many families often lived in a single house?

  Several families
• What was inadequate in towns regarding water supply?

  Water supply and sewerage
• What diseases were common during the Industrial Revolution?

  Smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, typhus
• What health issues arose from factory conditions?

  Poor ventilation and common accidents
• What were the main impacts of the Industrial Revolution on living conditions?

  • Overcrowded towns
  • Poor housing quality
  • Inadequate water supply and sewerage
  • Spread of killer diseases
• What years did the Industrial Revolution span?

  1700 to 1900
• What was a significant factor in the spread of diseases in crowded towns?

  Overcrowding
• What was a major problem with pollution during the Industrial Revolution?

  Smoke and sewage in cities
• What was smallpox known for in the 1700s?

  Highly infectious and very fatal
• What were the symptoms of smallpox?

  High fever and widespread eruptions
• Who developed the smallpox vaccination?

  Edward Jenner
• What was the purpose of Jenner's vaccination method?

  To reduce the spread of smallpox
• What was one reason people opposed vaccination?

  Inoculators would lose business
• What did the government do regarding vaccination in 1852?

  Made it compulsory
• What was the main issue with inoculations?

  They were expensive and risky
• How did Jenner test his theory about cowpox?

  He infected James Phipps with cowpox
• What was a significant outcome of Jenner's work?

  Vaccination became a reliable method
• What did Jenner name his technique?

  Vaccination
• What did Jenner's book detail?

  His findings on vaccination
• Why was there opposition to Jenner's vaccination?

  It was seen as strange and against God
• What was the role of the British parliament regarding vaccination?

  Supported and enforced vaccination
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of Jenner's vaccination method?

  Strengths:

  • Safer than inoculation
  • Cheaper and more reliable

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Initial opposition from inoculators
  • Lack of understanding of how it worked
• What was the population of London during the smallpox epidemic?

  One million
• What was a significant consequence of the smallpox epidemic in 1795?

  Killed 3,548 people
• What did people notice about those who caught a mild form of smallpox?

  They did not catch it again
• What was the method of inoculation?

  Rubbing pus from a scab into a cut
• What was Jenner's profession?

  General Practitioner (GP)
• What did Jenner observe about dairy maids?

  They did not catch smallpox after cowpox
• What did Jenner do after observing dairy maids?

  He decided to test his theory
• How many times did Jenner repeat his experiment?

  23 times
• What was the title of Jenner's published findings?

  An Enquiry into the Causes and Effects of Variola Vaccinae