Cranial Nerves Anatomy 5

    Cards (36)

    • How many cranial nerves are there?
      12 cranial nerves
    • From where do cranial nerves arise?
      From the cerebrum or brainstem
    • What do cranial nerves primarily innervate?
      Structures in the head or neck
    • Which cranial nerve descends into the thorax and abdomen?
      The Vagus nerve
    • What are cranial nerve nuclei?
      Grey matter motor and sensory nuclei
    • Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?
      In the midbrain, pons, and medulla
    • What is the function of the olfactory nerve (I)?
      Conveys smell
    • Where do the olfactory nerves enter the nasal cavity?
      Through the cribriform plate
    • What does the optic nerve (II) convey?
      Vision
    • Which cranial nerves move the eyeball?
      III, IV, and VI
    • What are the six extraocular muscles?
      4 rectus and 2 oblique muscles
    • What are the functions of the extraocular muscles?
      • Medial and lateral rectus: Abduction and adduction
      • Superior and inferior rectus: Elevation, depression, adduction
      • Superior and inferior oblique: Elevation, depression, intorsion, extorsion
    • What is a clinical correlation of CN III?
      CN III palsy can occur from aneurysms
    • What symptoms manifest with CN III loss of function?
      Dilated pupils and ptosis
    • What does the trochlear nerve (IV) supply?
      Superior oblique muscle
    • What condition can affect CN VI?
      Raised intracranial pressures
    • What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (V)?
      Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
    • What type of fibres do all branches of the trigeminal nerve carry?
      Sensory fibres
    • What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
      Muscles of mastication
    • What are the true muscles of mastication?
      • Temporalis
      • Masseter
      • Medial pterygoid
      • Lateral pterygoid
    • Where does the facial nerve (VII) emerge from?
      From the pons
    • What are the five motor branches of the facial nerve?
      Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, Cervical
    • What does the greater petrosal nerve innervate?
      Lacrimal gland with parasympathetic fibres
    • What does the chorda tympani provide to the tongue?
      Special sensory fibres for taste
    • What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?
      Hearing and balance
    • Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) emerge from?
      Lateral surface of the medulla oblongata
    • What does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
      Special sensory (taste) and general sensory supply
    • What does the vagus nerve (X) provide to the soft palate?
      Motor supply
    • What is the major parasympathetic nerve of the body?
      The Vagus nerve
    • What does the hypoglossal nerve (XII) innervate?
      The tongue
    • What are the main functions of the cranial nerves?
      • Sensory functions (smell, vision, hearing)
      • Motor functions (muscles of mastication, facial expression)
      • Parasympathetic functions (glands, heart)
    • What are the clinical correlations associated with cranial nerves III, VI, and IX?
      • CN III: Palsy, dilated pupils
      • CN VI: Palsy, raised intracranial pressure
      • CN IX: Taste and sensory supply to the tongue
    • What is the function of the olfactory system?
      Transmits smell to the brain
    • What is the role of the oculomotor nerve regarding the pupil?
      Controls pupil constriction
    • What does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?
      Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
    • Oculomotor Nerve
      Controls eye movements (cranial nerve III)
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