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Cranial Nerves Anatomy 5
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Cards (36)
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
cranial nerves
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From where do cranial nerves arise?
From the
cerebrum
or
brainstem
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What do cranial nerves primarily innervate?
Structures in the
head
or
neck
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Which cranial nerve descends into the thorax and abdomen?
The
Vagus nerve
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What are cranial nerve nuclei?
Grey matter
motor
and
sensory
nuclei
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Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?
In the
midbrain
,
pons
, and
medulla
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What is the function of the olfactory nerve (I)?
Conveys
smell
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Where do the olfactory nerves enter the nasal cavity?
Through the
cribriform plate
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What does the optic nerve (II) convey?
Vision
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Which cranial nerves move the eyeball?
III
,
IV
, and
VI
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What are the six extraocular muscles?
4
rectus
and
2
oblique
muscles
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What are the functions of the extraocular muscles?
Medial
and
lateral
rectus:
Abduction
and
adduction
Superior
and
inferior
rectus: Elevation, depression, adduction
Superior and inferior oblique: Elevation, depression,
intorsion
,
extorsion
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What is a clinical correlation of CN III?
CN III palsy can occur from
aneurysms
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What symptoms manifest with CN III loss of function?
Dilated pupils and
ptosis
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What does the trochlear nerve (IV) supply?
Superior oblique muscle
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What condition can affect CN VI?
Raised intracranial
pressures
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What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (V)?
Ophthalmic
,
Maxillary
,
Mandibular
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What type of fibres do all branches of the trigeminal nerve carry?
Sensory
fibres
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What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
Muscles of
mastication
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What are the true muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
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Where does the facial nerve (VII) emerge from?
From the
pons
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What are the five motor branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal
,
Zygomatic
,
Buccal
,
Marginal mandibular
,
Cervical
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What does the greater petrosal nerve innervate?
Lacrimal gland with
parasympathetic
fibres
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What does the chorda tympani provide to the tongue?
Special sensory fibres
for taste
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What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?
Hearing and
balance
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Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) emerge from?
Lateral surface of the
medulla oblongata
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What does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Special sensory
(taste) and
general sensory supply
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What does the vagus nerve (X) provide to the soft palate?
Motor supply
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What is the major parasympathetic nerve of the body?
The
Vagus nerve
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What does the hypoglossal nerve (XII) innervate?
The
tongue
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What are the main functions of the cranial nerves?
Sensory functions (
smell
,
vision
,
hearing
)
Motor functions (muscles of mastication, facial expression)
Parasympathetic
functions (
glands
, heart)
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What are the clinical correlations associated with cranial nerves III, VI, and IX?
CN III
: Palsy, dilated pupils
CN VI
: Palsy, raised
intracranial
pressure
CN IX
: Taste and sensory supply to the tongue
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What is the function of the olfactory system?
Transmits
smell
to the brain
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What is the role of the oculomotor nerve regarding the pupil?
Controls
pupil constriction
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What does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?
Sternocleidomastoid
and
trapezius muscles
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Oculomotor Nerve
Controls eye movements (
cranial nerve III
)
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