Epidemiology

    Cards (53)

    • What does epidemiology study?
      Distribution and patterns of disease in populations
    • What is the definition of incidence in epidemiology?
      Occurrence of new disease cases over time
    • What does prevalence refer to in epidemiology?
      Proportion of a population with a disease
    • What is the definition of mortality?
      Occurrence of death
    • What does mortality rate indicate?
      Frequency of death in a population over time
    • What does morbidity mean?
      State of having a disease or condition
    • What is the systematic approach in epidemiology to prevent disease spread?
      1. Count the number of disease cases
      2. Calculate the rate of disease
      3. Compare rates over time or groups
    • Who is a notable figure in epidemiology related to the Broad Street water pump?
      John Snow
    • What principles must be considered in every epidemiology study?
      • Identify the cause of disease
      • Determine the extent of the disease
      • Identify trends and patterns
      • Study disease progression
      • Plan and evaluate preventive methods
      • Develop public health policy
    • What should you include when evaluating a scientist's claim about health trends?
      Use and limits of epidemiology as a method
    • What is COPD?
      A disease affecting the lungs
    • What are common symptoms of COPD?
      Wheezing, chest tightness, chronic coughing
    • What causes the majority of COPD cases?
      Smoking
    • What is a limitation of the data provided in epidemiological studies?
      It may not include undiagnosed cases
    • What factors should be considered when evaluating conclusions from epidemiological data?
      • Data on air pollution levels
      • Overlapping error bars
      • Sample size and demographics
      • Reliability of the data sources
    • How does health promotion help prevent disease spread?
      • Communication: Raise awareness through media
      • Policy: Change regulations to enforce behavior
      • Education: Improve knowledge and empower individuals
      • Targeted campaigns for specific diseases
    • What slogan was used during the CoViD-19 pandemic for public awareness?
      Hands-Face-Space
    • Why is it important to communicate health information effectively?
      To control the spread of diseases
    • What is one way health promotion helps prevent disease spread?
      Raising awareness through media campaigns
    • How do policies and systems contribute to health promotion?
      They enforce required behaviors through regulations
    • What is an example of a health promotion education program?
      Improving knowledge to adapt behavior
    • Why is communication important in health promotion?
      It facilitates information sharing with the public
    • What slogan was used during the CoViD-19 pandemic for health promotion?
      Hands-Face-Space
    • What is an example of a policy to promote health?
      It is illegal to sell alcohol to minors
    • How can health professionals communicate effectively during a health crisis?
      Using clear and concise public messages
    • What is a consequence of ignoring health professionals' advice?
      It can lead to serious health issues
    • What resources does the NHS provide for health education?
      Health A-Z and Live Well programs
    • What should you do to learn about a specific disease's health promotion?
      Investigate available health promotion resources
    • How does targeted awareness raising help health promotion?
      It focuses on specific diseases for effective outreach
    • What is homeostasis?
      Maintaining stable internal conditions
    • What role do receptors play in homeostasis?
      They detect changes in the environment
    • How do neurons contribute to homeostasis?
      They carry messages to and from the CNS
    • What is the difference between negative and positive feedback loops?
      Negative feedback reduces changes, positive enhances them
    • What is the normal blood pressure range for adults?
      Systolic 90–120, diastolic 60–80 mmHg
    • What factors can affect physiological measurements?
      Age, weight, exercise, sex, overall health
    • What is the normal heart rate range for adults?
      60 to 100 beats per minute
    • What is the normal respiratory rate at rest?
      12 to 20 breaths per minute
    • What is the normal body temperature range?
      36 to 37.5°C
    • What is topographical classification of diseases?
      Classification by bodily region or system
    • What does anatomical classification refer to?
      Classification by organ or tissue
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