Eysenck

• What genes are involved in criminal behaviour?

  Genes linked to aggression
• What examples of the criminal personality type can be found in films?

  Characters like the Joker and Hannibal Lecter
• What are the two methods described in research methods?

  Interviews and questionnaires
• What are the stages to top-down profiling?

  Stages of profiling process
• What is Eysenck’s theory of the criminal personality focused on?

  The relationship between personality and offending
• What does Eysenck suggest about extraverts' nervous systems?

  They are chronically under-aroused
• How might an extravert's under-aroused nervous system influence their behavior?

  They seek excitement and take risks
• How do neurotics respond to threats according to Eysenck?

  They have greater responses to threats
• What might explain the offending behavior of neurotics?

  They overreact to situations of threat
• What characteristics are associated with psychotics in Eysenck’s theory?

  They are aggressive and lack empathy
• How does Eysenck link socialization to offending behavior?

  • Innate personality traits influence behavior
  • Socialization teaches delay of gratification
  • Conditioning punishes anti-social behaviors
• What does Eysenck believe about children and gratification?

  They learn to delay gratification through conditioning
• How does Eysenck view offending behavior in terms of development?

  As developmentally immature and selfish
• Why might individuals with high extraversion and neuroticism struggle with conditioning?

  They have nervous systems that are difficult to condition
• What is the implication of Eysenck's theory for individuals with a criminal personality?

  They may act on antisocial impulses
• What is a key characteristic of the criminal personality according to Eysenck?

  It is extraverted and neurotic
• What did Farrington et al. (1982) find regarding offenders' personality traits?

  Offenders score high on psychoticism, not extraversion
• What limitation does Bartol & Holanchock (1979) highlight about Eysenck's theory?

  Offending behavior can't be explained by personality alone
• What did Bartol & Holanchock find about the extraversion of offenders?

  They were less extraverted than non-offenders
• How does the use of lie scales affect Eysenck's theory?

  It may discard honest responses
• What cultural limitation does Eysenck's theory face?

  It does not account for cultural factors
• What did Eysenck & Eysenck (1977) find regarding prisoners' personality scores?

  Prisoners scored higher on all personality traits
• What does Bartol & Holanchock suggest about Eysenck's sample?

  It was a culturally different group
• What does Mischel and Peake's (1982) study suggest about personality traits?

  Traits may vary across different situations
• What does Mischel and Peake's study imply for Eysenck's theory?

  It questions the generalizability of the criminal personality