DDS FINALS

• What are solid dosage forms primarily composed of?

  Powders, granules, and capsules
• What are powders in solid dosage forms?

  Small individualized drug particles
• What is the purpose of particle size analysis?

  To obtain quantitative data on drug particles
• What does simple diffusion in powders refer to?

  Reduction in particle size and lipophilicity
• What is comminution?

  Reduction in particle size by mechanical means
• What is the purpose of comminution in drug processing?

  To improve solubility and reduce bulk volume
• What is the method of trituration used for?

  To reduce particle size using mortar and pestle
• What are the three types of mortar and pestle used in trituration?

  1. Porcelain - for soft aggregates/crystals
  2. Wedgewood - for crystals
  3. Glass - for smooth, non-porous surfaces
• What is levigation commonly used for?

  To reduce particle size in ointments and suspensions
• What are bulk powders?

  Dispensing in large quantities
• What is the purpose of dentifrices?

  To act as mild abrasives and prevent cavities
• What is insufflation in the context of powders?

  Finely divided powders intended for body cavities
• What are triturations?

  Dilutions of potent powdered drugs with diluents
• What is a dusting powder?

  Powder intended to be sprinkled on the skin
• What are aerosols used for?

  To deliver micronized drugs in metered quantities
• What is the purpose of douche powders?

  Preparation of vaginal douches for hygiene
• What are the components of douche powders?

  • Boric Acid or Sodium Borate
  • Astringents (e.g., potassium, alum)
  • Antimicrobials (e.g., oxyquinoline sulfate)
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (e.g., Benzethonium Chloride)
  • Detergents (e.g., Sodium Lauryl Sulfate)
  • Oxidizing Agents (e.g., Sodium Perborate)
  • Salts (e.g., Sodium Citrate, Sodium Chloride)
  • Aromatics (e.g., Menthol, Thymol)
• What are divided powders also known as?

  Chartulae or papelitos
• What types of paper are used in paper tablets?

  Simple bond, vegetable parchment, glassine, waxed paper
• What is pulverization by intervention?

  Addition of a volatile substance to powders
• What is tumbling in large-scale milling?

  Enclosing drug particles in a rotating chamber
• What is spatulation used for?

  To mix non-potent powders with a spatula
• What is geometric dilution?

  Mixing potent drug with equal volume of diluent
• What is micronization?

  A method to produce finer drug particles
• What are the sieve size limits for vegetable and animal drugs?

  • Very Coarse: No. 8, NMT 20% pass through No. 60
  • Coarse: No. 20, NMT 40% pass through No. 60
  • Moderately Coarse: No. 40, NMT 40% pass through No. 60
  • Fine: No. 60, NMT 40% pass through No. 100
  • Very Fine: No. 80, no limit
• What are the sieve size limits for standard chemical drugs?

  • Coarse: No. 20, NMT 60% pass through No. 40
  • Moderately Coarse: No. 40, NMT 60% pass through No. 40
  • Fine: No. 60, no limit
  • Very Fine: No. 120
• What are the advantages of solid dosage forms?

  Flexibility in compounding and stability
• What are the disadvantages of solid dosage forms?

  Not easily wetted and inaccurate dosing
• What does hygroscopic mean?

  Absorbs moisture from the air
• What does deliquescent mean?

  Absorbs moisture and forms a solution
• What does efflorescent mean?

  Releases water and may form a powder
• What is an example of an efflorescent substance?

  Citric Acid
• What are granules?

  Agglomerates of powders that bond together
• What is the sieve size range for granules?

  1. 4 to No. 12
• What are the methods to improve flowability of granules?

  Alter particle size, shape, and use flow activators
• What are the methods of granulation?

  1. Wet Granulation
  2. Dry Granulation
  3. Roll Compaction
  4. Slugging
• What is the advantage of wet granulation?

  Increased compressibility and improved dissolution
• What is a disadvantage of wet granulation?

  Not applicable to moisture-sensitive materials
• What is dry granulation used for?

  For heat and moisture-sensitive materials
• What is roll compaction?

  Aggregating powders using high pressure