criticisms

• who proposed the naturalistic fallacy and what did they state?

  G.E Moore- it occurs when one defines "good" in terms of its natural properties. It's a mistake to state goodness is within the natural world. good is actually a simple, non-natural property that cannot be reduced to any natural property.
• who proposed the is-ought problem and what is the criticism?

  Hume- cannot derive an "ought" from an "is" in nature and goodness is the way we are does not mean we ought that way. Creates a logical unjustified leap from what we define what goodness is to how we ought to behave. Just because things are the way they are doesn't mean that's how we ought to behave that way.
• who proposed the open question argument and what is the criticism?

  Moore- any proposed naturalistic definition of a moral term is always an open-question. even if the definition is accurate, it is still an open-question suggests moral terms are not reducible to natural properties
• what criticism does reductionism propose towards ethical naturalism?

  oversimplifies the complexity of moral concepts. reduces the context-dependent nature of ethical reasoning.- reduces morality to biological, psychological or sociology facts reduces morality. simplified to just biology makes morality irrelevant as it can just be defined as biology
• what criticism does moral disagreement propose?

  it does not account for widespread and deep moral disagreements. when it is based on natural facts disagreements should be resolved through empirical investigation. unresolved moral disputes suggests moral facts cannot just be grounded on just natural facts. if it was obvious we would not disagree but since we do we cannot just believe in natural facts.