social approach

• What is the main assumption of the social approach in psychology?

  Behaviour occurs in a social context
• What is the priority in individualist cultures?

  Needs of the individual person
• How do social psychologists view the influence of social situations on behaviour?

  They believe social situations are the biggest influence
• What do collectivist cultures prioritize?

  Family and community needs
• Who devised the two-process theory of conformity?

  Deutsch & Gerard
• What are the two main processes in Deutsch & Gerard's theory?

  Group norms and emotional processes
• What phenomenon did Sherif study in 1935?

  The autokinetic effect
• What did participants in Sherif's study estimate?

  The amount the light moved
• What was the outcome when participants were tested individually after group trials in Sherif's study?

  They gave similar answers as the group
• What does informational social influence (ISI) refer to?

  A cognitive process of conforming
• What was the main finding of Asch's 1951 study on conformity?

  75% of naive participants conformed at least once
• What is a potential negative application of conformity in society?

  Political ideas leading to extremism
• What is one useful application of the social approach in psychology?

  Marketing strategies
• What are the three types of conformity according to Kelman?

  Internalisation, compliance, identification
• What is compliance in the context of conformity?

  Agreeing to do something when told
• What does internalisation in conformity mean?

  Genuinely agreeing with the group
• What does identification in conformity involve?

  Conforming as we identify with the group
• What is the significance of cultural norms in conformity?

  They influence group consensus across generations
• What is self-concept?

  How a person perceives and values themselves
• What does self-esteem refer to?

  How a person values and accepts themselves
• What is self-efficacy?

  A person's confidence in achieving success
• What is self-image?

  A person's awareness of their mental and physical traits
• What was the aim of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  To determine the source of guards' brutality
• How many participants were in the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  24 white male participants
• What happened to the prisoners during the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  They experienced dehumanization and aggression
• What is social categorization?

  Grouping people based on shared characteristics
• What did Tajfel propose about social groups?

  They are an important source of social identity
• What is in-group bias?

  Favoring one's own group over others
• How are stereotypes formed?

  Through fixed views based on social categories
• What was the aim of the Thailand study in 2002?

  To see if gender stereotypes affect memory
• What was a key finding regarding gender stereotypes in the Thailand study?

  Girls underestimated, boys overestimated their performance
• What is prejudice?

  A negative attitude towards a group
• What is discrimination?

  Harmful behavior directed at individuals
• How can stereotypes influence behavior?

  They can bias perceptions and decisions
• What is group cohesion?

  The psychological bond among group members
• What are the roles of group members?

  Task, social, procedural, and individualist roles
• What is groupthink?

  The tendency to strive for agreement over analysis
• What are common goals in group activities?

  Outcomes that all members share and work towards
• What is social facilitation?

  Performing better in the presence of others
• Who developed social learning theory?

  Albert Bandura