challenges of urban world

• what is an urban area?

  an area with high population density
• how do rural areas differ from urban areas?

  rural areas have low density and more green spaces
• types of work do rural people typically engage in?

  agriculture, tourism, or local shops
• types of work do urban residents typically engage in?

  office, factories, or city services
• what trend is observed in the population regarding urban areas?

  more people are living in urban areas
• what does 'infographic' refer to?


  a diagram representing statistics
• what percentage of the US population lives in urban areas?

  81 percent
• what percentage of the UK population lives in urban areas?

  90 percent
• how does the urban population in LICs compare to MICs?

  LICs have over half living in urban areas
• what is a megacity?

  a city with over 10 million people
• how do megacities differ in their growth patterns?

  some grow steadily, others rapidly
• characteristic of steadily growing megacities

  infrastructure can cope with population growth
• what issue arises in rapidly expanding megacities?

  infrastructure is under high pressure
• what are world cities known for?

  global influence despite smaller populations
• ways world cities demonstrate their influence

  • political decisions around global areas
  • large international airports for migration
  • hub for local and international businesses
• what role do economies play in urban areas?

  they drive change and attract migration
• what type of workers dominate developed countries?

  formal workers with contracts
• what type of workers dominate developing countries?

  informal workers who are self-employed
• pros and cons of formal work

  pros: regular wage and safe conditions, guaranteed rights and benefits

  
  

  cons: competitive job market, limited flexibility and less time off
• characteristics of informal work

  • temporary and self-employed jobs
  • no guaranteed wage or contract
  • vulnerable to exploitation
• what factors contribute to urban population growth?

  higher birth rates and rural-urban migration
• rural-urban migration


  movement from rural areas to urban cities
• suburbanisation


  movement to quieter areas outside the city
• how can governments encourage suburbanisation?

  building new transport links and housing
• counter-urbanisation


  movement away from large cities
• deindustrialisation?


  decline of industries leading to economic downturn
• impacts of deindustrialisation on a city

  • job losses and increased unemployment
  • decline in local businesses and services
  • potential rise in homelessness and crime
• city notably impacted by deindustrialisation

  Detroit, USA
• what is urban land use characterized by?

  • different land uses: residential, industrial, commercial
  • central Business District (CBD) at the center
  • tree ring pattern of development
• what is the central business district (CBD)?

  the center of a city with shops and offices
• where are the most expensive houses typically located in a city?

  near the central business district (CBD)
• where do low-income families typically live in a city?

  towards the periphery of the city
• how do developed and developing cities differ in structure?

  • developed cities: middle income families in periphery
  • developing cities: poorest families in small towns on periphery
• what challenges do residents of towns face?

  poor access to transport and services
• what is the typical location of towns in developing cities?

  on the very periphery of the city
• common issue for residents of lower towns regarding commuting

  they often have to walk long distances