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Immunity
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Cards (26)
What is the definition of immunity?
The body's ability to resist
disease
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What are the two main types of body defenses?
Non-specific
and
adaptive defenses
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What does non-specific immunity refer to?
Resistance to a range of
pathogens
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What is adaptive immunity characterized by?
Specificity
and
memory
of pathogens
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What are the first line of defense mechanical barriers?
Skin
and
mucous membranes
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What are the chemical barriers in the first line of defense?
Stomach acid and
lysozyme
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What role do antimicrobial proteins play in the second line of defense?
Enhance
the immune response and
inhibit growth
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What do natural killer (NK) cells do?
Destroy
cells
by
perforating
membranes
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What is the process of phagocytosis?
Engulfing and destroying pathogens by
phagocytes
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What are the events of phagocytosis?
Phagocyte
adheres to pathogens
Forms pseudopods to engulf particles
Lysosome
fuses with
phagosome
Toxic compounds destroy pathogens
Exocytosis
removes indigestible material
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What are the signs of inflammation?
Redness
, pain, heat, and
swelling
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What does a fever do in the immune response?
Enhances
interferon
and speeds up
repair
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What are antigens?
Invading agents recognized as "
non-self
"
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What are the two types of lymphocytes?
B cells
and
T cells
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What do B cells become when stimulated by an antigen?
Plasma cells
that produce
antibodies
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What is the function of antibodies?
Neutralize
antigens
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What are the five classes of antibodies?
IgG - Main antibody, crosses placenta
IgA - Secretory
antibody
IgM - Indicates current infection
IgE - Associated with allergies
IgD - Antigen receptor on B cells
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What is the role of T cells in the immune response?
Involved in cell-mediated immune responses
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What do Killer T cells do?
Directly attack invading
antigens
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What is immunological tolerance?
The body tolerates its
own
molecules
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What happens during an autoimmune response?
The immune system attacks its own tissues
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What are examples of autoimmune diseases?
Multiple Sclerosis
(MS)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus
Glomerulonephritis
Myasthenia Gravis
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What is an allergen?
A substance causing
allergic
reactions
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What occurs during anaphylactic reactions?
Breakdown of
mast
cells
and
anaphylactic
shock
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What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Anaphylactic Reactions
Cytotoxic Reactions
Immune Complex Reactions
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
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What is the Mantoux skin test used for?
Testing for
tuberculosis
(TB)
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