Immunity

    Cards (26)

    • What is the definition of immunity?
      The body's ability to resist disease
    • What are the two main types of body defenses?
      Non-specific and adaptive defenses
    • What does non-specific immunity refer to?
      Resistance to a range of pathogens
    • What is adaptive immunity characterized by?
      Specificity and memory of pathogens
    • What are the first line of defense mechanical barriers?
      Skin and mucous membranes
    • What are the chemical barriers in the first line of defense?
      Stomach acid and lysozyme
    • What role do antimicrobial proteins play in the second line of defense?
      Enhance the immune response and inhibit growth
    • What do natural killer (NK) cells do?
      Destroy cells by perforating membranes
    • What is the process of phagocytosis?
      Engulfing and destroying pathogens by phagocytes
    • What are the events of phagocytosis?
      1. Phagocyte adheres to pathogens
      2. Forms pseudopods to engulf particles
      3. Lysosome fuses with phagosome
      4. Toxic compounds destroy pathogens
      5. Exocytosis removes indigestible material
    • What are the signs of inflammation?
      Redness, pain, heat, and swelling
    • What does a fever do in the immune response?
      Enhances interferon and speeds up repair
    • What are antigens?
      Invading agents recognized as "non-self"
    • What are the two types of lymphocytes?
      B cells and T cells
    • What do B cells become when stimulated by an antigen?
      Plasma cells that produce antibodies
    • What is the function of antibodies?
      Neutralize antigens
    • What are the five classes of antibodies?
      1. IgG - Main antibody, crosses placenta
      2. IgA - Secretory antibody
      3. IgM - Indicates current infection
      4. IgE - Associated with allergies
      5. IgD - Antigen receptor on B cells
    • What is the role of T cells in the immune response?
      Involved in cell-mediated immune responses
    • What do Killer T cells do?
      Directly attack invading antigens
    • What is immunological tolerance?
      The body tolerates its own molecules
    • What happens during an autoimmune response?
      The immune system attacks its own tissues
    • What are examples of autoimmune diseases?
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Rheumatoid Arthritis
      • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
      • Glomerulonephritis
      • Myasthenia Gravis
    • What is an allergen?
      A substance causing allergic reactions
    • What occurs during anaphylactic reactions?
      Breakdown of mast cells and anaphylactic shock
    • What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?
      1. Anaphylactic Reactions
      2. Cytotoxic Reactions
      3. Immune Complex Reactions
      4. Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
    • What is the Mantoux skin test used for?
      Testing for tuberculosis (TB)
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