Sensory, Motor & Relay neurones

• What are sensory neurons responsible for?

  Transmitting signals from receptors to CNS
• How do sensory neurons transmit information?

  They have dendrites and a long axon
• What is an example of a sensory neuron?

  Photoreceptor neurons
• What do dendrites in sensory neurons do?

  Receive stimuli from receptors
• Why are sensory neurons usually myelinated?

  For fast signal transmission
• What initiates an action potential in sensory neurons?

  Graded potentials from stimuli
• What is the primary function of motor neurons?

  To cause muscle contraction or secretion
• Where is the cell body of motor neurons located?

  Spinal cord's ventral horn
• What do motor neurons stimulate in glands?

  Release of hormones
• What are the key structural components of sensory neurons?

  • Dendrites that receive stimuli
  • Long axon transmitting signals
  • Cell body in dorsal root ganglion
  • Myelinated for fast transmission
• What are the key structural components of motor neurons?

  1. Dendrites receiving signals from CNS
  2. Long axon carrying signals to muscles
  3. Cell body in spinal cord's ventral horn
  4. Axon terminals forming neuromuscular junction
• What are the functions of sensory neurons?

  • Transmit signals from receptors to CNS
  • Convert stimuli into nerve impulses
  • Initiate action potentials for fast transmission
• What are the functions of motor neurons?

  • Transmit signals from CNS to muscles
  • Facilitate voluntary and involuntary movements
  • Activate skeletal and smooth muscles
  • Stimulate glands to release hormones
• Where is the cell body of a motor neuron controlling leg muscles located?

  Spinal cord's ventral horn
• How do motor neurons facilitate voluntary movements?

  By activating skeletal muscles
• What distinguishes motor neurons from sensory neurons?

  Motor neurons send commands to effectors
• What are the key functions of motor neurons?

  • Activate skeletal muscles during voluntary actions
  • Control smooth muscles in internal organs
  • Stimulate glands to release hormones
• What is the primary function of relay neurons?

  Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
• What are the key functions of relay neurons?

  • Connect sensory to motor neurons
  • Integrate information from multiple sensory neurons
  • Facilitate complex nervous functions
• How do relay neurons transmit information?

  Through their axon to other neurons
• In a reflex arc, how does a relay neuron function?

  Connects sensory neuron to motor neuron
• What role do relay neurons play in the knee-jerk reflex?

  Transmit signal from sensory to motor neuron
• What is the role of relay neurons in higher brain functions?

  • Facilitate learning
  • Support memory
  • Enable cognition