Eukaryotic Cell structure

• What houses nearly all the cell's genetic material?

  Nucleus
• What is a nucleotide used for?

  Makes RNA
• What does dermatitis consist of?

  DNA and proteins
• What are centrioles?

  Self-replicating organelles
• How many bundles of microtubules do centrioles have?

  Nine bundles
• What role do centrioles play in cell division?

  Help in organizing cell division
• Are centrioles membrane-bound?

  No, they are not membrane-bound
• What do motor proteins in centrioles do during spindle formation?

  Travel along tubulin pulling chromosomes apart
• What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  Involved in making lipids
• What are some components synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  Cholesterol, phospholipids, steroid hormones
• What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum composed of?

  Series of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae
• What is the role of ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  Transports proteins made on attached ribosomes
• What happens to some proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  They are secreted or placed on the cell membrane
• What does the nuclear envelope contain?

  Nuclear pores

  
• What is the function of nuclear pores?

  Let relatively large molecules pass through
• What is the nucleoplasm?

  Fluid present in the nucleus
• What is the Golgi apparatus?

  Stack of membrane-bound flattened sacs
• What does the Golgi apparatus do with proteins?

  Receives, modifies, and packages proteins
• What is a vesicle?

  Small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Contain powerful digestive enzymes
• In which cells are lysosomes abundant?

  Phagocytic cells like neutrophils
• What is the mitochondrion known for?

  Energy-generating organelle
• How many membranes surround the mitochondrion?

  Two membranes
• What forms the inner layers of the mitochondrion?

  Fold inwards to form cristae
• What is found in the matrix of the mitochondrion?

  Liquid where reactions occur
• What catalyzes the reactions of aerobic respiration in mitochondria?

  Enzymes on the inner membrane
• What are cilia and flagella essential for?

  Locomotion of individual organisms
• How do cilia function in multicellular organisms?

  Move fluid or materials past an immobile cell
• What do ribosomes consist of?

  Two subunits
• What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?

  Ribosome
• What is the role of enzymes in muscle contraction?

  Hydrolyze ATP for energy
• What surrounds chloroplasts?

  Envelope
• What is the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

  Occurs in chloroplasts
• What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

  Microfilaments and microtubules
• What is the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

  Provide shape and support
• What do motor proteins do in a cell?

  Drag organelles to where they're needed
• What do intermediate filaments do?

  Anchor the nucleus in place
• What do microfilaments consist of?

  Protein subunits called actin
• What is the role of tubulin in microtubules?

  Provide shape and support
• What do myosins do in muscle contraction?

  Aid in converting chemical energy in ATP