Gender

• What differences in religion does Davie outline regarding gender?

  Differences in practice, beliefs, and self-identification
• How many more women than men attend church statistically?

  Just under half a million more
• What is the relationship between women and atheism or agnosticism?

  More women are religious than atheist or agnostic
• What did Feurgoson and Hussey (2010) find about women's religious practices?

  Women are more likely to practice their religion
• According to Miller and Hoffman (1995), why do women have greater commitment to religion?

  Due to stronger personal interest than men
• What does Bruce state about women's religiosity and paid work?

  Women are more religious due to lower paid work involvement
• How does rationalization within secularization affect religion according to Bruce?

  It replaces religious thoughts with rational thinking
• What trend does Bruce observe regarding religion in male and female dominated areas?

  Religion decreases in male areas, increases in female areas
• What does Callum Brown (2009) refer to as 'the decline of female piety'?

  The decline of religion among women in the 1960s
• Why are women more attracted to New Age Movements according to socialization?

  They associate more with nature and care
• What percentage of people in the holistic milieu in Kendal were female according to Heelas and Woodhead?

  80%
• How do New Age Movements provide women with a sense of freedom?

  They allow authenticity beyond traditional roles
• What role conflict do women in paid work experience?

  Between masculine public roles and feminine private roles
• What does Woodhead (2001) suggest about New Age beliefs for working women?

  They appeal to individual autonomy and personal growth
• How do New Age beliefs help women bypass role conflict?

  By creating a new identity based on 'inner self'
• What do 'self' religions emphasize according to Callum Brown (2009)?

  Subjective experience rather than external authority
• What are the three reasons Stark and Bainbridge give for women's membership in New Religious Movements?

  Organismic, ethical, and social deprivation
• Why are women more likely to experience organismic deprivation?

  They are more likely to suffer ill health
• How does ethical deprivation relate to women's views?

  Women tend to be more morally conservative
• Why do sects and cults attract poorer groups in society?

  Women are more likely to be in poverty
• What are the key factors influencing women's religiosity?

  • Higher church attendance than men
  • Greater commitment due to personal interest
  • Lower involvement in paid work
  • Attraction to New Age Movements
  • Membership in New Religious Movements