revision

• highest concentration of glucose and amino acids is always in the capillary leaving the lacteal
• the middle structure in the cross section of a plant root is xylem and it provides structural support
• reabsorption of glucose takes place as the filtrate from a glomerulus passes along a nephron
• to produce a strain of antibiotic bacteria:

  1. some bacteria mutate and are resistant to the antibiotic
  2. the antibiotic kills most of the bacteria
  3. the antibiotic resistant bacteria survive
  4. the antibiotic resistant bacteria reproduce
• in heterozygous, the sex also has to be the opposite
• the food group that is chemically digested in the mouth and continues to be broken down by mechanical digestion in the small intestine is carbohydrates
• hepatic vein is in the liver
• liver plays a major role in the assimilation of amino acids by converting them to proteins
• auxin is unequally distributed
• auxin is made in the root tip and shoots
• the auxin diffuses across the plant
• gravitropism helps anchor the plant
• in the shoots, gravitropism allows more absorption of light
• hydrochloric acid kills harmful microorganisms and provided optimum ph for enzymes in the stomach such as pepsin
• fats are emulsified in the small intestine
• bile increases the surface area of the fat globules
• zygote moves along the oviduct
• the zygote has a diploid nucleus and divides and reproduces through mitosis
• water potential in the blood capillaries increase and contents of the small intestine decrease when affected by cholera
• during germination of seed, the respiration rate increases, amount of energy increases and ions are absorbed by active transport
• maltose is digested in the small intestine
• high humidity lowers the concentration gradient and high wind speed raises the concentration gradient
• chlorine ions and water exit the epithelial cells of the small intestine when a person is affected by cholera
• the relay neurone has receptor proteins which bind to neurotransmitter molecules
• genetic variation is the only type of variation that can be inherited
• a leaf may be hairy for living in a hot, dry dessert
• cell membrane is partially permeable
• the drop of liquid will move towards the woodlice as oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is released
• upper epidermis has no chloroplast
• starch is digested into maltose in the mouth and maltose is converted into glucose in the lining of the small intestine
• HIV cannot be transmitted by saliva
• parents with the allele I(A), I (B) and I(o)I(O) produce children with AB
• dicots have broad leaves
• shunt vessels are arterioles to venules
• xylem is a hollow and long tube
• xylem is also waterproof and has elongated/thickening walls
• pathway of water:

  • water enters the root hair cells through osmosis, from a high water potential to a low water potential
  • the soil has a higher water potential than the root hair cells
  • ions then actively get transported through a partially permeable membrane
  • this creates a water concentration gradient
  • then it finally reaches the root cortex and finally the xylem
• xylem vessels are dead and thus treatments for infections have no effect, since osmosis does not rely on energy from respiration either, the treatment has not effect on the plant
• eye cannot easily detect different colours in the dark because cones detect colours and do not get stimulates in low levels of light
• all females are heterozygous