Bio

• What are the five kingdoms of living organisms?

  Plant, Animal, Prokaryote, Protoctist, and Fungi
• What is a key feature of prokaryotic cells?

  They do not have a nucleus.
• What is the structure of bacterial cells?

  Bacterial cells are surrounded by cell walls and have a loop of DNA.
• How do bacteria obtain their food?

  They obtain their food by absorbing nutrients from their environment.
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Plasmids are additional loops of DNA found within bacterial cells.
• What distinguishes fungi from other kingdoms?

  Fungi are made up of threads called hyphae that grow over food and digest it externally.
• How do protoctists differ from prokaryotes?

  Protoctists have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not.
• What is the main characteristic of the plant kingdom?

  Plants are multicellular organisms that perform photosynthesis.
• What is the role of hyphae in fungi?

  Hyphae grow over the food supply, digest it externally, and then absorb the nutrients.
• What type of microscope is needed to see viruses?


  Viruses can only be seen under an electron microscope.
• What is the significance of the cell membrane in living organisms?

  The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• What are the key features of living organisms?

  • Cells with a membrane
  • Genetic material (DNA)
  • Ability to grow and reproduce
  • Response to stimuli
  • Metabolism
• Compare the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  Prokaryotic Cells:

  • No nucleus
  • Simple structure
  • Smaller in size

  
  

  Eukaryotic Cells:

  • Have a nucleus
  • Complex structure with organelles
  • Larger in size
• What are the main characteristics of the five kingdoms?

  1. Plants: Multicellular, photosynthetic
  2. Animals: Multicellular, heterotrophic
  3. Prokaryotes: Unicellular, no nucleus
  4. Protoctists: Diverse, some have features of plants and animals
  5. Fungi: Multicellular, absorb nutrients externally
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  • Flagella are used for movement through water and other fluids.
• How do fungi digest their food?

  • Fungi digest food externally by secreting enzymes and then absorbing the nutrients.
• What is the main difference between bacteria and viruses?

  • Bacteria are living cells, while viruses are not considered living organisms.