Origins of psychology

• Who used introspection to investigate the human mind?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What does the term introspection mean?

  It means 'looking into'
• What did participants do during introspection?

  Reflect on their cognitive processes
• How did Wundt conduct introspection differently from philosophers?

  He controlled the environment and stimuli
• What was Wundt's aim in studying the human mind?

  To study its structure
• What approach did Wundt's method become known as?

  Structuralism
• What aspects of behavior did Wundt study?

  Sensation and perception
• What is a strength of Wundt's introspection?

  It is still used to access cognitive processes
• How did Griffiths (1994) use introspection in his study?

  Gamblers thought aloud while playing
• What cognitive bias did gamblers exhibit?

  Illusion of control
• What limitation does introspection have regarding unconscious factors?

  Participants can't comment on unconscious factors
• Why is introspection considered unreliable?

  Reports vary greatly among participants
• What does the subjectivity of introspection imply?

  Results are difficult to reproduce
• What aspects of behavior cannot be studied through introspection?

  Children and higher mental processes
• Who made greater contributions to psychology than Wundt?

  Early behaviorists like Pavlov
• What did Wundt establish in 1879?

  The first psychological laboratory
• What book did Wundt publish in 1873?

  Principles of Physiological Psychology
• What is the focus of the scientific method?

  Objective and systematic investigation
• What does objectivity in research mean?

  Basing findings on fact, not opinion
• What is replicability in research?

  The ability to repeat a study successfully
• How did Wundt establish psychology as a science?

  By using the scientific method
• What did Freud contribute to psychology in the 1900s?

  Importance of the unconscious mind
• What did Pavlov and Skinner argue about scientific psychology?

  It should study observable phenomena
• What did Rogers and Maslow emphasize in the 1950s?

  Importance of free will and holistic understanding
• What did psychologists use in the 1960s to study the mind?

  Controlled laboratory experiments
• What advances in the 1980s allowed for new studies in psychology?

  Genetic testing and technology
• What is the significance of 2000s in psychology?

  Integration of biological and cognitive approaches
• What is Wundt often considered in psychology?

  The father of psychology
• What is the main focus of Wundt's structuralism?

  Breaking down behaviors into basic elements
• What is a limitation of the scientific method in psychology?

  Some behaviors cannot be observed
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Wundt's introspection?

  Strengths:

  • Access to cognitive processes
  • Historical significance in psychology

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Subjectivity and unreliability
  • Limited to observable thoughts
  • Not applicable to all behaviors
• What are the key developments in psychology from Wundt to the 2000s?

  • 1879: Wundt opens first lab
  • 1900s: Freud's psychoanalysis
  • 1900s: Pavlov and Skinner's behaviorism
  • 1950s: Rogers and Maslow's humanistic approach
  • 1960s: Cognitive psychology legitimized
  • 1980s: Genetic testing in psychology
  • 2000s: Integration of biological and cognitive approaches