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unit 1 bio
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Created by
Fizaan Zahid
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Cards (64)
What type of nucleic acid is RNA?
Nucleic
acid
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What is identified as X in figure one of an RNA nucleotide?
Ribose sugar
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How is messenger RNA (mRNA) made in the nucleus?
Through the process of
transcription
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What enzyme unwinds the DNA during transcription?
DNA helicase
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What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Binds to DNA and adds
RNA nucleotides
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What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Used to build
polypeptide chains
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Where does translation occur in the cell?
At the
ribosomes
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What does region Y in figure 2 represent in a tRNA molecule?
The
anticodon
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How does the anticodon function in tRNA?
Binds to complementary codon on
mRNA
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What is released during an allergic reaction?
Histamine
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Which type of cell releases histamine?
Mast cells
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What happens to the airways during an asthma attack?
They become
inflamed
and
constricted
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What is a common treatment for an asthma attack?
An
inhaler
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What skin condition can result from contact with allergens?
Dermatitis
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What are two symptoms of dermatitis?
Itchiness
and
redness
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What is hyperplasia?
Increase in
cell numbers
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What causes hyperplasia in response to injury?
Increased
mitosis
or
uncontrolled
division
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How does the body stop blood loss when the skin is cut?
Platelets
contact damaged tissue and
clot
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What is the role of thromboplastin in blood clotting?
Catalyzes conversion of
prothrombin
to thrombin
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What forms a mesh over the wound during clotting?
Fibrin fibers
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Name an autoimmune disorder.
Rheumatoid arthritis
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What is one advantage of using chemotherapy for autoimmune disorders?
Prevents growth of
dividing cells
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What is one disadvantage of chemotherapy?
Weakens the
immune system
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What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
B lymphocytes
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What is the variable region of an antibody?
Part that binds to specific
antigens
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What type of mutation is shown in figure four?
Substitution
mutation
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What disease can be caused by a mutation in an oncogene?
Cancer
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What is a hereditary mutation?
Affects the
germ line
and is inherited
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What is an acquired mutation?
Change in a single
somatic cell
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How is amniocentesis performed?
Needle is inserted to collect
amniotic fluid
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What is the purpose of amniocentesis?
To screen for
genetic disorders
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What vitamin is needed for healthy bone development?
Vitamin D
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What mineral is used to carry oxygen in hemoglobin?
Iron
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What is one example of a dietary supplement?
Protein shake
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Which shake is better for a competitive swimmer aiming to build muscle?
Shake B
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What component controls cell membrane fluidity?
Cholesterol
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What is the function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?
Cell
signaling
or recognition
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How does oxygen travel across the cell membrane?
By
simple diffusion
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How do amino acids travel across the cell membrane?
By
facilitated diffusion
or
active transport
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What is exocytosis?
Process of
substances
exiting the cell
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