Qs

Cards (64)

  • What type of nucleic acid is RNA?
    Nucleic acid
  • What is identified as X in figure one of an RNA nucleotide?
    Ribose sugar
  • How is messenger RNA (mRNA) made in the nucleus?
    Through the process of transcription
  • What enzyme unwinds the DNA during transcription?
    DNA helicase
  • What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
    Binds to DNA and adds RNA nucleotides
  • What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
    Used to build polypeptide chains
  • Where does translation occur in the cell?
    At the ribosomes
  • What does region Y in figure 2 represent in a tRNA molecule?
    The anticodon
  • How does the anticodon function in tRNA?
    Binds to complementary codon on mRNA
  • What is released during an allergic reaction?
    Histamine
  • Which type of cell releases histamine?
    Mast cells
  • What happens to the airways during an asthma attack?
    They become inflamed and constricted
  • What is a common treatment for an asthma attack?
    An inhaler
  • What skin condition can result from contact with allergens?
    Dermatitis
  • What are two symptoms of dermatitis?
    Itchiness and redness
  • What is hyperplasia?
    Increase in cell numbers
  • What causes hyperplasia in response to injury?
    Increased mitosis or uncontrolled division
  • How does the body stop blood loss when the skin is cut?
    Platelets contact damaged tissue and clot
  • What is the role of thromboplastin in blood clotting?
    Catalyzes conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
  • What forms a mesh over the wound during clotting?
    Fibrin fibers
  • Name an autoimmune disorder.
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  • What is one advantage of using chemotherapy for autoimmune disorders?
    Prevents growth of dividing cells
  • What is one disadvantage of chemotherapy?
    Weakens the immune system
  • What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
    B lymphocytes
  • What is the variable region of an antibody?
    Part that binds to specific antigens
  • What type of mutation is shown in figure four?
    Substitution mutation
  • What disease can be caused by a mutation in an oncogene?
    Cancer
  • What is a hereditary mutation?
    Affects the germ line and is inherited
  • What is an acquired mutation?
    Change in a single somatic cell
  • How is amniocentesis performed?
    Needle is inserted to collect amniotic fluid
  • What is the purpose of amniocentesis?
    To screen for genetic disorders
  • What vitamin is needed for healthy bone development?
    Vitamin D
  • What mineral is used to carry oxygen in hemoglobin?
    Iron
  • What is one example of a dietary supplement?
    Protein shake
  • Which shake is better for a competitive swimmer aiming to build muscle?
    Shake B
  • What component controls cell membrane fluidity?
    Cholesterol
  • What is the function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?
    Cell signaling or recognition
  • How does oxygen travel across the cell membrane?
    By simple diffusion
  • How do amino acids travel across the cell membrane?
    By facilitated diffusion or active transport
  • What is exocytosis?
    Process of substances exiting the cell