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chemistry paper 2
organic chemistry
polymers
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Cards (51)
What type of polymers are polyesters?
Condensation polymers
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What are polyesters made using?
Ester links
from
monomers
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What is the common combination of monomers used to make polyesters?
Dicarboxylic acid
monomer
Diol
monomer
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What does a dicarboxylic acid monomer contain?
Two
carboxylic acid groups
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What does a diol monomer contain?
Two
alcohol groups
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What do the colored rectangles in molecules represent?
The rest of the molecule
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What must the dicarboxylic acid do to combine with the diol?
Give up its
OH group
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What does the diol give up to combine with the dicarboxylic acid?
A
hydrogen atom
from its
OH group
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What is formed when the dicarboxylic acid and diol combine?
A
water molecule
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What bond is formed between the dicarboxylic acid and diol?
An
ester link
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What is a dimer?
A molecule with two
monomers
combined
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How do we represent repeating units in condensation polymers?
Using
brackets
and n
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Why do we use the letter n in polymer representations?
To represent the
number
of molecules
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What does the 2n in front of H2O represent?
Two water molecules per
repeat unit
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Why are these polymers called condensation polymers?
They form
water molecules
during the process
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What is an example of a dicarboxylic acid that can form polyesters?
Ethane dicarboxylic acid
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What is formed when ethane dicarboxylic acid combines with ethane diol?
Poly ethyl ethanoate
and water
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What is a key characteristic of polyesters?
They are generally
biodegradable
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How do polyesters break down in the environment?
Bacteria and microorganisms break down
ester links
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How do addition polymers differ from polyesters?
Addition polymers are generally
non-biodegradable
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What are naturally occurring polymers?
Polymers
that exist naturally in the environment
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What are polymers made of?
Long chains of smaller molecules called
monomers
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Name three examples of naturally occurring polymers.
Polypeptides
,
DNA
, carbohydrates
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What are polypeptides made of?
Lots of
amino acids
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What is DNA made of?
Nucleotides
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What are carbohydrates made of?
Sugars
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How do polypeptides become proteins?
By folding or
combining
with other polypeptides
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What roles do proteins play in the body?
Catalyzing
reactions and providing structure
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What are the important functional groups in an amino acid?
Carboxyl group
and
amino group
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What is the central atom in an amino acid structure?
Central carbon
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What is the R group in an amino acid?
A group that varies among different
amino acids
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What is the significance of the R group in amino acids?
It
determines
the
identity
of the
amino
acid
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How do amino acids join to form a polymer?
Through
condensation reactions
between
functional groups
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What is produced during the condensation reaction of amino acids?
Water molecule
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What is the bond formed between amino acids called?
Peptide bond
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What is the general formula for the reaction of amino acids forming a polymer?
Amino acid + amino acid →
repeat unit
+
H2O
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What are the monomers of DNA called?
Nucleotides
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What do nucleotides contain?
A
base
,
sugar
, and
phosphate group
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What are the four types of bases in DNA?
A,
T
,
G
,
C
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How do nucleotides form genes?
By combining in
different
orders
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