Cards (51)

  • What type of polymers are polyesters?
    Condensation polymers
  • What are polyesters made using?
    Ester links from monomers
  • What is the common combination of monomers used to make polyesters?
    • Dicarboxylic acid monomer
    • Diol monomer
  • What does a dicarboxylic acid monomer contain?
    Two carboxylic acid groups
  • What does a diol monomer contain?
    Two alcohol groups
  • What do the colored rectangles in molecules represent?
    The rest of the molecule
  • What must the dicarboxylic acid do to combine with the diol?
    Give up its OH group
  • What does the diol give up to combine with the dicarboxylic acid?
    A hydrogen atom from its OH group
  • What is formed when the dicarboxylic acid and diol combine?
    A water molecule
  • What bond is formed between the dicarboxylic acid and diol?
    An ester link
  • What is a dimer?
    A molecule with two monomers combined
  • How do we represent repeating units in condensation polymers?
    Using brackets and n
  • Why do we use the letter n in polymer representations?
    To represent the number of molecules
  • What does the 2n in front of H2O represent?
    Two water molecules per repeat unit
  • Why are these polymers called condensation polymers?
    They form water molecules during the process
  • What is an example of a dicarboxylic acid that can form polyesters?
    Ethane dicarboxylic acid
  • What is formed when ethane dicarboxylic acid combines with ethane diol?
    Poly ethyl ethanoate and water
  • What is a key characteristic of polyesters?
    They are generally biodegradable
  • How do polyesters break down in the environment?
    Bacteria and microorganisms break down ester links
  • How do addition polymers differ from polyesters?
    Addition polymers are generally non-biodegradable
  • What are naturally occurring polymers?
    Polymers that exist naturally in the environment
  • What are polymers made of?
    Long chains of smaller molecules called monomers
  • Name three examples of naturally occurring polymers.
    Polypeptides, DNA, carbohydrates
  • What are polypeptides made of?
    Lots of amino acids
  • What is DNA made of?
    Nucleotides
  • What are carbohydrates made of?
    Sugars
  • How do polypeptides become proteins?
    By folding or combining with other polypeptides
  • What roles do proteins play in the body?
    Catalyzing reactions and providing structure
  • What are the important functional groups in an amino acid?
    Carboxyl group and amino group
  • What is the central atom in an amino acid structure?
    Central carbon
  • What is the R group in an amino acid?
    A group that varies among different amino acids
  • What is the significance of the R group in amino acids?
    It determines the identity of the amino acid
  • How do amino acids join to form a polymer?
    Through condensation reactions between functional groups
  • What is produced during the condensation reaction of amino acids?
    Water molecule
  • What is the bond formed between amino acids called?
    Peptide bond
  • What is the general formula for the reaction of amino acids forming a polymer?
    Amino acid + amino acid → repeat unit + H2O
  • What are the monomers of DNA called?
    Nucleotides
  • What do nucleotides contain?
    A base, sugar, and phosphate group
  • What are the four types of bases in DNA?
    A, T, G, C
  • How do nucleotides form genes?
    By combining in different orders