organic chemistry

• What are organic compounds primarily composed of?

  Carbon forming the backbone of molecules
• What is the origin of crude oil?

  Result of buried plankton underwater
• What are hydrocarbons made up of?

  Only carbon and hydrogen atoms
• What are alkanes?

  Chains of single covalently bonded carbon atoms
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  Cn H2n+2
• How do all alkane names end?

  With "ane"
• What does the prefix "meth" indicate in alkane naming?

  1 carbon atom
• What does the prefix "eth" indicate in alkane naming?

  2 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "prop" indicate in alkane naming?

  3 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "but" indicate in alkane naming?

  4 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "pent" indicate in alkane naming?

  5 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "hex" indicate in alkane naming?

  6 carbon atoms
• Why is crude oil not useful as a mixture?

  It contains different length alkanes
• What process is used to separate different length alkanes from crude oil?

  Fractional distillation
• How does fractional distillation work?

  Heated crude oil evaporates and rises
• What happens to the gases as they rise in the fractionating column?

  They cool and condense at different heights
• Why do longer alkanes have higher boiling points?

  Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy
• What is the typical carbon chain length in LPG?

  Up to four carbons long
• What is petrol used for?

  Fuel for cars
• What is kerosene used for?

  Jet fuel
• What is diesel oil used for?

  Fuel for cars and lorries
• What is heavy fuel oil used for?

  Fuel for large ships
• What do alkanes produce when burned in complete combustion?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• How does viscosity change with alkane length?

  Longer fractions are more viscous
• Which fractions are more flammable?

  Shorter fractions
• What can different fractions of alkanes be used for?

  Solvents, lubricants, detergents, and polymers
• What is a polymer?

  Super long-chain alkanes made from monomers
• What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes?

  Alkenes have a carbon-carbon double bond
• What is a functional group in alkenes?

  C double bond C
• How can you test for an alkene?

  Add bromine water; it turns colorless
• What happens when bromine bonds to ethene?

  Double bond breaks into single bonds
• What is the product of bromine reacting with ethene?

  1,2-dibromoethane
• What is the result of oxidizing an alkene?

  It can form an alcohol
• What is the result of oxidizing ethanol?

  It forms ethanoic acid
• What are amino acids?

  Building blocks of proteins
• What functional groups do amino acids contain?

  Amino group and carboxy group
• What is DNA's full name?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What structure does DNA form?

  Double helix
• What is starch made from?

  Glucose monomers
• What is cellulose made from?

  Beta glucose monomers