DCL: GRAM POSITIVES

    Cards (20)

    • What are the two main domains of prokaryotes mentioned in the study material?
      Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea
    • What are the major classifications of bacteria based on Gram staining?
      • Gram Positive
      • Gram Negative
      • Pseudomonadota
      • Non-Pseudomonadota
      • Enteric Bacteria
      • Non-enteric Bacteria
    • What are the learning objectives related to Gram positive bacteria?
      Describe major lineages of Bacteria and features of Gram positives with examples
    • What are the key differences between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?
      • Gram Positive: Thick peptidoglycan layer, small periplasmic space, teichoic acid
      • Gram Negative: Thin peptidoglycan layer, large periplasmic space, outer membrane, lipopolysaccharides
    • What is the phylum of bacteria that has low GC content and is a major component of the human intestinal microbiome?
      Bacillota (Firmicutes)
    • What are the characteristics of the order Lactobacillales?
      Low GC content, acid tolerant, includes lactic acid bacteria like Streptococcus and Lactobacillus
    • What diseases can Streptococcus cause?
      Strep throat, pink eye, meningitis, endocarditis, and necrotizing fasciitis
    • What role does Lactobacillus play in the human body?
      It is a commensal probiotic that outcompetes pathogens
    • What is a common characteristic of the order Bacillales?
      They are common in soil and can be anaerobic, facultative, or aerobic
    • What are some diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
      Toxic shock syndrome, endocarditis, pneumonia, abscesses, and scalded skin syndrome
    • What are some virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus?
      Protein A, capsule, toxins, haemolysins, coagulase, and antibiotic resistance (MRSA)
    • What is Bacillus thuringiensis used for?
      It is an insecticidal natural pesticide safe for plants and the environment
    • What are the types of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis?
      Cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal anthrax
    • What is a characteristic of the order Clostridiales?
      They are anaerobic, with most species being non-pathogenic
    • What is the primary concern associated with Clostridium botulinum?
      It causes botulism, often linked to canned food
    • What is the phylum of bacteria known for having high GC content?
      Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria)
    • What is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and what are its characteristics?
      Streptomyces, which is aerobic, spore-forming, and soil-dwelling
    • Why can't Mycobacterium be Gram stained?
      It has a waxy cell wall that prevents staining
    • What are some examples of bacteria from different classifications mentioned in the study material?
      • Lactobacillales: Streptococcus, Lactobacillus
      • Bacillales: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus anthracis
      • Clostridiales: Clostridium botulinum
      • Actinomycetota: Streptomyces, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae
    • What are the learning outcomes related to Gram positive bacteria?
      Overview of Gram positive bacteria, diseases caused by S. aureus, features of low GC content species, and uses of high GC content species
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