BioChem Lab

• Enzymes are coined by Frederick W. Kühne and come from the Greek word which means "leavened" or "in yeast".
• Enzymes are biologic catalysts, central to every biochemical process.
• Enzymes increase the rate of metabolic processes and speed the rate of chemical reactions.
• A catalyst is a chemical involved in, but not consumed in, a chemical reaction.
• Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary to break the chemical bonds in reactants and form new chemical bonds in the products.
• Three ways to increase the rate of a chemical reaction are: increasing the temperature, increasing the concentration of the reacting substances, and adding a catalyst (enzymes).
• Catalysts bring reactants closer together in the appropriate orientation and weaken bonds, increasing the reaction rate.
• Enzymes are necessary for chemical reactions to occur quickly enough to sustain life.
• Principles is a toxic product of many chemical reactions that occur in living things.
• Living things must detoxify this compound and break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, two non-harmful molecules.
• Materials for the activity include: test tubes, test tube rack, glass pipets, ruler, beaker, hot plate, hydrogen peroxide, chicken liver, cut and peeled potato, and ice cubes.
• The procedure for the activity involves obtaining two test tubes, labeling one as A and one as B, filling the first tube A with a peeled and cut potato, and tube B with chicken liver, adding 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide to tube with marked A, and 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide to tube with marked B, waiting for 60 seconds and measuring the height of any bubbling you observe, and recording your observation.
• Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science is a course offered by the College of Medical Laboratory Science at Central Philippine University.
• Michaelis - Menten Kinetics is the simplest and best-known approaches to enzyme kinetics.
• After 5 mins, discard the water inside the tube 1 in a sink.
• This system can be represented schematically as follows:
• This is a plot of the Michaelis - Menten equation’s predicted reaction velocity as a function of substrate concentration, with the significance of the kinetic parameters V max and K M graphically depicted.
• K M (the Michaelis constant; sometimes represented as K S instead) is the substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is 50% of the V max.
• S is the concentration of the substrate S.
• It takes the form of an equation relating reaction velocity to substrate concentration for a system where a substrate S binds reversibly to an enzyme E to form an enzyme-substrate complex ES, which then reacts irreversibly to generate a product P and to regenerate the free enzyme E.
• Tube 1 should be left out in room temperature.
• Record your observations on the effects of temperature on the enzyme reaction.
• Add 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide on the 3 tubes.
• Tube 2 will be soaked in ice bath for 5 mins.
• Fill the 3 tubes with tap water.
• Obtain three test tubes and label them as 1, 2, and 3.
• Make sure that the potato are on same size and length.
• Tube 3 will be soaked in boiling water on a hotplate for 5 mins.
• Repeat the same procedure in tube 2 and tube 3.
• Add a strip of peeled and cut potato on each tubes.
• Make sure that the potato is still in the tube.
• V max represents the maximum velocity achieved by the system, at maximum (saturating) substrate concentrations.
• There is no change in color in the Negative layer.
• A play of colors from bluish red to cherry red and purple is noted in the Chloroform layer.
• A green fluorescence is noted in the Acid layer.
• In a 5 mL test tube, mix 1 mL of Chloroform, 1 mL of Acid, and 3 mL of Water.
• The Solubility Test, Liebermann - Burchard Test, and Salkowski Test are simple tests for lipids.
• Lipids are a group of naturally occurring substances mainly identified by their insolubility in water and their solubility in non-aqueous solvents such as chloroform, ether, hot alcohol and benzene.
• Functions of lipids include energy storage, making biological membranes, insulation, protection, buoyancy, acting as hormones, and acting as the structural component of the body and providing the hydrophobic barrier that permits partitioning of the aqueous contents of the cell and subcellular structures.
• Lipids are major sources of energy in animals and high lipid-containing seeds.