PPIs

    Cards (16)

    • What role does acetylcholine play in the function of parietal cells?
      Acetylcholine stimulates acid secretion in parietal cells.
    • What must happen to the proton pump for it to function properly?
      It must be activated by various stimuli.
    • What is the primary function of the proton pump in parietal cells?
      It secretes hydrogen ions into the stomach.
    • How many cysteine residues are present in the proton pump?
      28 cysteine residues.
    • How does histamine affect parietal cells?
      Histamine binds to receptors on parietal cells to stimulate acid secretion.
    • What is the primary function of the proton pump in relation to hydrogen ions?
      It pumps hydrogen ions out of the parietal cells into the stomach.
    • Name one example of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
      Examples include omeprazole and pantoprazole.
    • Why are weak bases not effective in acidic conditions?
      They are not converted to their active form in acidic conditions.
    • What is the significance of targeting cysteine residues in the proton pump?
      Targeting cysteine residues can inhibit the proton pump's activity.
    • What is the importance of the stability of PPIs in the gastrointestinal tract?
      PPIs must be stable enough to survive the gut's acidic environment.
    • What is the advantage of the S-enantiomer of omeprazole?
      The S-enantiomer has better potency and pharmacokinetic profile.
    • How does the CYP2C19 enzyme affect the metabolism of omeprazole?
      It leads to less hydroxylation of the S-enantiomer, enhancing its effectiveness.
    • What is the primary role of proton pumps in gastric acid secretion?
      They secrete hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen.
    • What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?
      They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump, reducing gastric acid secretion.
    • Why is omeprazole considered a well-balanced PPI?
      It is reactive enough for activation but stable enough to survive the gastrointestinal tract.
    • What does stereoselectivity in drug metabolism imply?
      It implies different metabolic outcomes for R- and S- isomers.
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