Vaccines

• What is a pathogen?

  An organism that causes disease
• What is an antibiotic?

  A substance that kills or inhibits bacteria
• What is a mutation?

  A random change in the DNA of a gene
• What is a lymphocyte?

  A type of white blood cell involved in immune response
• What is clotting?

  The body's process of stopping bleeding
• What are three ways pathogens can be spread from person to person?

  • Through air droplets
  • By physical touch
  • Coughing or sneezing without covering mouth
• Who was the English doctor that first used vaccination?

  Dr Edward Jenner
• What did Dr Edward Jenner discover?

  Cowpox provided immunity to smallpox
• Why is blood clotting important?

  It stops the cut from bleeding
• How do lymphocytes respond to a foreign pathogen?

  They create antibodies to fight pathogens
• What is the definition of antibiotic resistance?

  Bacteria develops defenses against antibiotics
• What is the function of penicillin?

  It fights bacterial infections by destroying cell walls
• What is a mutation in biological terms?

  Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell
• Why is understanding pathogens and the immune response important?

  • Helps respond to health threats
  • Informs community health practices
  • Enhances personal health awareness