Virtual Relationships

• Who said virtual relationships are less effective because they lack non-verbal cues?

  Sproull and Klesler
• What did Sproull and Klesler say about virtual relationships?

  Less effective as they lack non-verbal cues
• What are people less likely to do in virtual relationships?

  Express real thoughts and feelings
• What do virtual relationships reduce?

  Individual identity
• What does reduction in individual identity lead to?

  Disinhibition
• Who proposed the hyperpersonal model?

  Walther
• What does the hyperpersonal model proposed by Walther argue?

  Virtual relationships more personal and involve greater self-disclosure
• Why does Walther argue in the hyperpersonal mode virtual relationships are more personal?

  Develops quickly and can be more intense and intimate
• What are the two features of hyperpersonal self-disclosures?

  1 . Sender has greater control over what to disclose (selective self-presentation); manipulates self-image to appear in idealised way - self-disclosures hyperhonest/hyperdishonest

  2 . Receiver gains positive impression; gives feedback and reinforces selective self-presentation
• What is the first feature of hyperpersonal self-disclosures?

  Sender has greater control over what to disclose (selective self-presentation); manipulates self-image to appear in idealised way - self-disclosures hyperhonest/hyperdishonest
• What is the second feature of hyperpersonal self-disclosures?

  Receiver gains positive impression; gives feedback and reinforces selective self-presentation
• What is important for hyperpersonal self-disclosures?

  Anonymity
• What does Bargin compare hyperpersonal self-disclosures to?

  Strangers on a train effect
• Who compares hyperpersonal self-disclosures to the strangers on a train effect?

  Bargin
• According to McKenna and Bargh, what is a gate?

  Any obstacle to forming a relationship
• How is a face-to-face relationship gated?

  Involves features that can interfere with early development of a relationship
• What are examples of gates?

  Physical unattractiveness, facial disfigurement, stammers, social anxiety
• What is the effect of a lack of gates in virtual relationships?

  Develops to point where self-disclosure more frequent and deeper
• Who described a gate as 'any obstacle to forming a relationship'?

  McKenna and Bargh
• How does the absence of gating work?

  Refocusing attention on self-disclosure and away from superficial features
• What is a benefit of gates being absent?

  Individual freed to be their 'true selves'
• What does the absence of gates create the scope for?

  Creation of untrue identities and deception