protein structure

• What is the general structure of an amino acid?

  Central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, R group
• What does the R group in an amino acid represent?

  It is the side chain of the amino acid
• How many amino acids are there in total?

  20 amino acids
• How do different R groups affect amino acids?

  They give amino acids different properties
• What is the R group of glycine?

  Hydrogen
• What type of bond can form between positively and negatively charged R groups?

  Ionic bond
• What is a dipeptide?

  Two amino acids joined together
• What reaction forms a dipeptide?

  Condensation reaction
• What is removed during the formation of a dipeptide?

  Water
• What must be labeled when describing a dipeptide structure?

  Peptide bond and water removal
• What is the primary structure of a protein?

  Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
• What holds the secondary structure of a protein in place?

  Hydrogen bonds
• What are the two types of secondary structures?

  Alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
• What occurs in the tertiary structure of a protein?

  Further folding of the polypeptide
• What types of bonds are involved in tertiary structure stabilization?

  Hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds
• How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic R groups orient in a protein?

  Hydrophobic towards center, hydrophilic outside
• What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

  More than one polypeptide chain
• What is an example of a protein with quaternary structure?

  Hemoglobin
• What impact does a change in amino acid structure have on proteins?

  It can affect protein function
• What are the four structures of proteins?

  1. Primary structure: Sequence of amino acids
  2. Secondary structure: Folding into alpha helixes or beta sheets
  3. Tertiary structure: Further folding and stabilization
  4. Quaternary structure: Multiple polypeptide chains