Diagnosis/Classification

• Schizophrenia is experienced by 1% of the world
• What are the two major systems for the classification?

  DSM-5

  ICD-10
• What two types of symptoms are there?

  Positive

  Negative
• What are examples of positive symptoms?

  Hallucinations, delusions
• What are hallucinations?

  Unusual sensory experiences
• Hallucinations


  Unusual sensory experiences
• What are delusions also known as?

  Paranoia
• What are delusions?

  Irrational beliefs
• Delusions


  Irrational beliefs
• What are examples of negative symptoms?

  Speech poverty, avolition
• What is avolition sometimes called?

  Apathy
• What is avolition?

  Finding it difficult to begin/keep up with goal-directed activity
• Who identified three signs of avolition?

  Andreasen
• What three signs of avolition did Andreasen identify?

  Poor hygiene/grooming, lack of persistence and lack of energy
• Avolition


  Finding it difficult to begin/keep up with goal-directed activity
• What is speech poverty?

  Changes in patterns of speech
• Why is speech poverty seen as a negative symptom?

  Emphasis on reduction in amount and quality of speech
• Nowadays, in terms of speech poverty, what is more emphasis placed on?

  Speech disorganisation
• What is co-morbidity?

  Occurrence of two disorders or conditions together
• What is an example of co-morbidity?

  Schizophrenia and depression
• What is symptom overlap?

  Two or more conditions share symptoms
• What is an example of symptom overlap?

  Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder