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Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory
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Cards (42)
What does the Kinetic Particle Theory state about matter?
All
matter
consists
of
tiny
particles
in
motion
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What happens to a substance when it is heated?
The
temperature
and
volume
of the substance
increase
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What occurs to solid substances when heated?
Solid substances
melt
into
liquids
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What occurs to liquid substances when heated?
Liquid substances
boil
into
gases
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How does heating affect the kinetic energy of particles?
Kinetic energy of particles
increases
with
heating
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What happen to particles' movement in solids when heated?
Particles
vibrate
faster
about
fixed
positions
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What happens to particles in liquids and gases when heated?
Particles move
faster
and
further apart
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What changes occur to the arrangement and movement of particles when heated?
Spacing
,
arrangement
, and
movement
of
particles
change
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How are particles arranged in solids?
Very
closely
packed
in
an
orderly
manner
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How are particles arranged in liquids?
Closely
packed
in a
disorderly
manner
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How are particles arranged in gases?
Very
far
apart
in a
disorderly
manner
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What is the movement of particles in solids?
Particles
vibrate
and
rotate
about
fixed
positions
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What is the movement of particles in liquids?
Particles
slide
past each other
freely
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What is the movement of particles in gases?
Particles move
quickly
and
randomly
in any
direction
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What are the forces of attraction between particles in solids?
Very strong
forces of attraction
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What are the forces of attraction between particles in liquids?
Less
strong
forces of
attraction
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What are the forces of attraction between particles in gases?
Very
weak
forces of attraction
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What is the kinetic energy of particles in solids?
Very
low
kinetic energy
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What is the kinetic energy of particles in liquids?
Low
kinetic energy
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What is the kinetic energy of particles in gases?
High
kinetic energy
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What are the properties of solids?
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Cannot
be
compressed
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What are the properties of liquids?
No
fixed
shape
(
takes
container's
shape
)
Fixed volume
Cannot
be
compressed
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What are the properties of gases?
No
fixed
shape
(
expands
to
fill
space
)
No
fixed
volume
(
varies
with
pressure
/
temperature
)
Can
be
compressed
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What is the process of melting?
Solid
to
liquid
at
melting point
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What happens during melting?
Thermal energy
converts to
kinetic energy
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What occurs at the melting point?
Particles
overcome
attractive forces
and
break
free
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What is the process of freezing?
Liquid
to
solid
at
freezing point
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What happens during freezing?
Kinetic energy
converts to
thermal energy
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What occurs at the freezing point?
Particles
are
drawn
closer
and
settle
into
fixed positions
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What is the process of boiling?
Liquid
to
gas
at
boiling point
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What happens during boiling?
Thermal energy
converts to
kinetic energy
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What occurs at the boiling point?
Particles
overcome
forces
and
move
further
apart
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What is evaporation?
Liquid
to
gas
below
boiling point
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What are the characteristics of evaporation?
Occurs at
surface
, below
boiling point
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What is boiling compared to evaporation?
Boiling
occurs at
boiling point
,
evaporation
does not
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What is condensation?
Gas
to
liquid
at
condensation point
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What happens during condensation?
Kinetic energy
converts to
thermal energy
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What occurs at the condensation point?
Particles
are
drawn
closer
together
by
attraction
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What are the processes of interconversion between states of matter?
Melting
: Solid to liquid
Freezing
: Liquid to solid
Boiling
: Liquid to gas
Evaporation
: Liquid to gas below boiling point
Condensation
: Gas to liquid
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What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling occurs at
boiling point
Evaporation occurs
below
boiling
point
Boiling occurs
throughout
the
liquid
Evaporation occurs
only
at
the
surface
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See all 42 cards
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