Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory

    Cards (42)

    • What does the Kinetic Particle Theory state about matter?
      All matter consists of tiny particles in motion
    • What happens to a substance when it is heated?
      The temperature and volume of the substance increase
    • What occurs to solid substances when heated?
      Solid substances melt into liquids
    • What occurs to liquid substances when heated?
      Liquid substances boil into gases
    • How does heating affect the kinetic energy of particles?
      Kinetic energy of particles increases with heating
    • What happen to particles' movement in solids when heated?
      Particles vibrate faster about fixed positions
    • What happens to particles in liquids and gases when heated?
      Particles move faster and further apart
    • What changes occur to the arrangement and movement of particles when heated?
      Spacing, arrangement, and movement of particles change
    • How are particles arranged in solids?
      Very closely packed in an orderly manner
    • How are particles arranged in liquids?
      Closely packed in a disorderly manner
    • How are particles arranged in gases?
      Very far apart in a disorderly manner
    • What is the movement of particles in solids?
      Particles vibrate and rotate about fixed positions
    • What is the movement of particles in liquids?
      Particles slide past each other freely
    • What is the movement of particles in gases?
      Particles move quickly and randomly in any direction
    • What are the forces of attraction between particles in solids?
      Very strong forces of attraction
    • What are the forces of attraction between particles in liquids?
      Less strong forces of attraction
    • What are the forces of attraction between particles in gases?
      Very weak forces of attraction
    • What is the kinetic energy of particles in solids?
      Very low kinetic energy
    • What is the kinetic energy of particles in liquids?
      Low kinetic energy
    • What is the kinetic energy of particles in gases?
      High kinetic energy
    • What are the properties of solids?
      • Fixed shape
      • Fixed volume
      • Cannot be compressed
    • What are the properties of liquids?
      • No fixed shape (takes container's shape)
      • Fixed volume
      • Cannot be compressed
    • What are the properties of gases?
      • No fixed shape (expands to fill space)
      • No fixed volume (varies with pressure/temperature)
      • Can be compressed
    • What is the process of melting?
      Solid to liquid at melting point
    • What happens during melting?
      Thermal energy converts to kinetic energy
    • What occurs at the melting point?
      Particles overcome attractive forces and break free
    • What is the process of freezing?
      Liquid to solid at freezing point
    • What happens during freezing?
      Kinetic energy converts to thermal energy
    • What occurs at the freezing point?
      Particles are drawn closer and settle into fixed positions
    • What is the process of boiling?
      Liquid to gas at boiling point
    • What happens during boiling?
      Thermal energy converts to kinetic energy
    • What occurs at the boiling point?
      Particles overcome forces and move further apart
    • What is evaporation?
      Liquid to gas below boiling point
    • What are the characteristics of evaporation?
      Occurs at surface, below boiling point
    • What is boiling compared to evaporation?
      Boiling occurs at boiling point, evaporation does not
    • What is condensation?
      Gas to liquid at condensation point
    • What happens during condensation?
      Kinetic energy converts to thermal energy
    • What occurs at the condensation point?
      Particles are drawn closer together by attraction
    • What are the processes of interconversion between states of matter?
      • Melting: Solid to liquid
      • Freezing: Liquid to solid
      • Boiling: Liquid to gas
      • Evaporation: Liquid to gas below boiling point
      • Condensation: Gas to liquid
    • What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?
      • Boiling occurs at boiling point
      • Evaporation occurs below boiling point
      • Boiling occurs throughout the liquid
      • Evaporation occurs only at the surface
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