chapter 2 kinetic particle theory

• What does the kinetic particle theory state about matter?


  All matter is made up of tiny particles in constant random motion.
• How can the kinetic particle theory be applied?


  It can explain changes in state, temperature, and gas expansion/contraction.
• What are the three states of matter and their characteristics?

  • Solid: Definite shape, definite volume, cannot be compressed, closely packed particles, vibrate in fixed positions, very strong attractive forces, very low kinetic energy.
  • Liquid: Indefinite shape, definite volume, cannot be compressed, loosely packed particles, slide past each other, less strong attractive forces, low kinetic energy.
  • Gas: Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, can be compressed, far apart disorderly particles, move quickly and randomly, very weak attractive forces, high kinetic energy.
• What is the shape of a solid?

  Definite shape
• What is the volume of a gas?

  Indefinite volume
• How does the compressibility of gases compare to solids and liquids?

  Gases can be compressed, while solids and liquids cannot.
• Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.


  Particles are loosely packed.
• What is the movement of particles in a gas?


  Particles move quickly and randomly in every direction.
• How strong are the attractive forces between particles in a solid?


  Very strong
• What is the kinetic energy of particles in a liquid?


  Low
• What happens to gas particles when the temperature decreases?

  Particles slow down and may condense into a liquid.
• If a substance has a melting point of 30°C and a boiling point of 120°C, what is its state at 70°C?


  Liquid
• How can you determine the physical state of a substance based on its melting and boiling points?


  By comparing the temperature to the melting and boiling points.