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Biopsychology - Psychology
Synaptic transmission
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Daisy Savage
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Cards (23)
What is the biological structure discussed in this material?
Synapse
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How does the synapse help in biological psychology?
It helps understand
information transmission
and
drug effects
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What is synaptic transmission?
Process of communication between
neurons
Involves
electrical impulses
and
neurotransmitters
Occurs at the
synapse
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What are the chemical messages called that transmit information across the synapse?
Neurotransmitters
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What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
It causes
vesicles
to release
neurotransmitters
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What is the gap between two neurons called?
Synaptic cleft
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How wide is the synaptic cleft?
20 to 40
nanometers
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What is the role of transport proteins in the presynaptic neuron?
They take
neurotransmitters
back into the cell
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What do the receptors on the postsynaptic neuron detect?
Neurotransmitters
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What are the steps of synaptic transmission?
Action potential arrives at
axon terminal
Vesicles merge with
presynaptic membrane
Neurotransmitters
released into
synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters diffuse to
postsynaptic cell
Summation occurs to form new action potential
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What is summation in synaptic transmission?
It combines
excitatory
and
inhibitory
signals
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What happens during depolarization?
Positively charged
sodium ions
enter the cell
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What effect do excitatory neurotransmitters have?
They make the
electrical charge
more positive
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What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?
They
hyperpolarize
the
postsynaptic neuron
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What is the typical firing rate of a neuron?
5 to 50
times a second
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What do SSRIs do in the brain?
They block
serotonin
reabsorption
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How does cocaine affect neurotransmitter transmission?
It blocks
dopamine
reabsorption
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What is the significance of synapses in brain function?
Fundamental for
consciousness
and memory
Enable complex communication between
neurons
Essential for all brain functions
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How many neurons are estimated to be in the human brain?
Around
100 billion
neurons
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How many synaptic connections can a single neuron have?
Up to
15,000
connections
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How many synapses does an average 20-year-old male have?
Around
170 trillion
synapses
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How long would it take to count all synapses at 100 per second?
About
5,500
years
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What is the main takeaway about the brain's complexity?
It is a powerful
communication system
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