Synaptic transmission

    Cards (23)

    • What is the biological structure discussed in this material?
      Synapse
    • How does the synapse help in biological psychology?
      It helps understand information transmission and drug effects
    • What is synaptic transmission?
      • Process of communication between neurons
      • Involves electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
      • Occurs at the synapse
    • What are the chemical messages called that transmit information across the synapse?
      Neurotransmitters
    • What happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
      It causes vesicles to release neurotransmitters
    • What is the gap between two neurons called?
      Synaptic cleft
    • How wide is the synaptic cleft?
      20 to 40 nanometers
    • What is the role of transport proteins in the presynaptic neuron?
      They take neurotransmitters back into the cell
    • What do the receptors on the postsynaptic neuron detect?
      Neurotransmitters
    • What are the steps of synaptic transmission?
      1. Action potential arrives at axon terminal
      2. Vesicles merge with presynaptic membrane
      3. Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft
      4. Neurotransmitters diffuse to postsynaptic cell
      5. Summation occurs to form new action potential
    • What is summation in synaptic transmission?
      It combines excitatory and inhibitory signals
    • What happens during depolarization?
      Positively charged sodium ions enter the cell
    • What effect do excitatory neurotransmitters have?
      They make the electrical charge more positive
    • What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?
      They hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron
    • What is the typical firing rate of a neuron?
      5 to 50 times a second
    • What do SSRIs do in the brain?
      They block serotonin reabsorption
    • How does cocaine affect neurotransmitter transmission?
      It blocks dopamine reabsorption
    • What is the significance of synapses in brain function?
      • Fundamental for consciousness and memory
      • Enable complex communication between neurons
      • Essential for all brain functions
    • How many neurons are estimated to be in the human brain?
      Around 100 billion neurons
    • How many synaptic connections can a single neuron have?
      Up to 15,000 connections
    • How many synapses does an average 20-year-old male have?
      Around 170 trillion synapses
    • How long would it take to count all synapses at 100 per second?
      About 5,500 years
    • What is the main takeaway about the brain's complexity?
      It is a powerful communication system
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