Muscular System

• What is the ability of muscles to respond to stimuli called?

  Electrical excitability
• What does contractility in muscular tissue refer to?

  The ability to contract when stimulated
• What does extensibility in muscular tissue allow?

  The ability to stretch within limits
• What is elasticity in muscular tissue?

  The ability to return to original shape
• What are the functions of muscular tissue?

  1. Purposeful movement of the body
  2. Manipulation of external objects
  3. Propulsion of contents through organs
  4. Emptying contents to the external environment
• What is one function of muscle contraction?

  Purposeful movement of the body
• Which muscles are responsible for facial expression?

  Muscles of the head
• What is the function of muscles in the anterior neck and throat?

  Swallowing
• What do muscles of the neck and vertebral column control?

  Head and trunk movements
• What is the primary function of thoracic muscles?

  Breathing
• What do abdominal wall muscles assist with?

  Trunk movements and compression
• What is the role of pelvic floor muscles?

  Support of abdominopelvic organs
• What do superficial muscles of the thorax control?

  Movements of the scapula
• What is the function of muscles crossing the shoulder joint?

  Movements of the arm
• What do muscles crossing the elbow joint facilitate?

  Flexion and extension of the forearm
• What is the role of forearm muscles?

  Movements of the wrist, hand, and fingers
• What do intrinsic muscles of the hand control?

  Fine movements of the fingers
• What do muscles crossing the hip and knee joints facilitate?

  Movements of the thigh and leg
• What is the function of leg muscles?

  Movements of the ankle and toes
• What do intrinsic muscles of the foot control?

  Toe movement and arch support
• What are the three types of muscular tissue?

  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Visceral (smooth) muscle

  
• Where is skeletal muscle located?

  Skeleton
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

  Movement, heat, posture
• How does skeletal muscle appear under a microscope?

  Striated, multi-nucleated

  
• What type of control is skeletal muscle under?

  Voluntary

  
• Where is cardiac muscle located?

  Heart
• What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?

  Pump blood continuously
• How does cardiac muscle appear under a microscope?

  Striated, one central nucleus

  
• What type of control is cardiac muscle under?

  Involuntary

  
• Where is visceral smooth muscle located?

  G.I. tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
• What are the functions of visceral smooth muscle?

  Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size
• How does visceral smooth muscle appear under a microscope?

  No striations, one central nucleus

  
• What type of control is visceral smooth muscle under?

  Involuntary
• What is the composition of skeletal muscle?

  • Skeletal muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
  • Blood vessels
  • Connective tissue
• What percentage of body weight is muscle tissue?

  Half of the body’s weight
• What percentage of muscle tissue is skeletal muscle in males?

  40%
• What percentage of muscle tissue is skeletal muscle in females?

  32%
• What percentage of muscle tissue is cardiac muscle?

  10%
• What are the four connective tissue coverings in skeletal muscle?

  1. Deep fascia
  2. Epimysium
  3. Perimysium
  4. Endomysium
• What does deep fascia surround?

  Entire skeletal muscle