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Amani Ansari
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Cards (49)
What are the four signs of infant attachment according to Maccoby (1980)?
Proximity
, distress on
separation
,
happy on reunion
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At what age is attachment evident in infants?
7-9
months old
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How does Ainsworth (1979) define attachment?
Deep-seated
emotional
tie
binding
individuals
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Why is attachment important according to Ainsworth and Bowlby?
It provides
security
and protects from danger
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What did Bowlby (1952) say about "mother love"?
It is crucial for mental health
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What is a key assumption of attachment theory?
Parents play a central role in development
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What is the biological basis of attachment according to John Bowlby?
Need for
proximity
seen across species
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What are Bowlby’s phases of attachment?
Four or five
phases including
no discrimination
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At what age do infants show preferential proximity to a discriminated person?
7-9
months
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What is the goal-corrected partnership phase in Bowlby’s attachment theory?
Child
and
caregiver's
needs
are
balanced
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What did Schaffer & Emerson (1964) find about attachment figures?
Evidence of multiple attachments beyond
mother
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What qualities of caregivers are important for attachment?
Responsiveness
,
interaction
, and
playfulness
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How did Fox (1977) extend attachment findings cross-culturally?
Showed
children
attached to both mother and
caregiver
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What is the premise of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study?
Caregiver as a
safe base
for the infant
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What does a well-attached child do in the Strange Situation?
Explores when
caregiver
is present
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How many episodes are in the Strange Situation procedure?
Seven
short episodes
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What behaviors are rated in the Strange Situation classifications?
Seeking
contact
, maintaining contact, avoidance
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What are Ainsworth’s three attachment types?
Avoidant
, secure,
ambivalent
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What percentage of children had secure attachments in Ainsworth's original study?
65%
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What criticisms exist regarding Ainsworth's attachment types?
Comparing
type B
with A and C is problematic
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What were the attachment type percentages in America?
70%
type B,
20%
type A,
10%
type C
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How do cultural differences affect attachment types?
Different cultural values influence
attachment behaviors
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What is the fourth attachment type identified by Main & Solomon?
Insecure disorganized
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What might cause disorganized attachment?
Fear
of
caregivers
or unresolved
parental
issues
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What are the four major patterns of attachment in infancy?
Secure
,
avoidant
,
ambivalent
,
disorganized
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What influences the development of attachment types?
Genetics
and
environmental
factors
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What did twin studies reveal about attachment concordance?
70%
concordance for MZ twins
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What is the Maternal Sensitivity Hypothesis?
Maternal sensitivity
predicts
attachment security
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What are the limitations of attachment theory?
Cultural
and
individual differences
exist
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What issues does attachment theory raise regarding caregivers?
Role of
mother
and other caregivers is questioned
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What did Belsky (1988) find about early childcare?
Increased non-maternal care leads to
insecure attachment
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What did Clarke-Stewart (1991) find about childcare?
Home
care
leads to
better
intellectual
development
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How can quality childcare offset poor parenting?
Quality childcare can mitigate
negative effects
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How can attachment type predict later development?
Attachment type
influences
emotional responses later
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What did Kochanska (2001) study about infants?
Infants
assessed
for fear, anger, or joy
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What are the adult attachment classifications in the AAI?
Autonomous
,
dismissing
,
preoccupied
,
unresolved
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What is the link between AAI and SS according to Main et al. (1985)?
Support
for
intergenerational
transmission of
attachment
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What did Waters et al. (2002) find in their longitudinal study?
Strange Situation
classifications predict
adult attachments
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What is the 'maternal deprivation' hypothesis?
Importance of
mother love
for mental health
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What did Harlow's study with monkeys demonstrate?
Monkeys preferred cloth mother for
comfort
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See all 49 cards
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