week4

    Cards (49)

    • What are the four signs of infant attachment according to Maccoby (1980)?
      Proximity, distress on separation, happy on reunion
    • At what age is attachment evident in infants?
      7-9 months old
    • How does Ainsworth (1979) define attachment?
      Deep-seated emotional tie binding individuals
    • Why is attachment important according to Ainsworth and Bowlby?
      It provides security and protects from danger
    • What did Bowlby (1952) say about "mother love"?
      It is crucial for mental health
    • What is a key assumption of attachment theory?
      Parents play a central role in development
    • What is the biological basis of attachment according to John Bowlby?
      Need for proximity seen across species
    • What are Bowlby’s phases of attachment?
      Four or five phases including no discrimination
    • At what age do infants show preferential proximity to a discriminated person?
      7-9 months
    • What is the goal-corrected partnership phase in Bowlby’s attachment theory?
      Child and caregiver's needs are balanced
    • What did Schaffer & Emerson (1964) find about attachment figures?
      Evidence of multiple attachments beyond mother
    • What qualities of caregivers are important for attachment?
      Responsiveness, interaction, and playfulness
    • How did Fox (1977) extend attachment findings cross-culturally?
      Showed children attached to both mother and caregiver
    • What is the premise of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study?
      Caregiver as a safe base for the infant
    • What does a well-attached child do in the Strange Situation?
      Explores when caregiver is present
    • How many episodes are in the Strange Situation procedure?
      Seven short episodes
    • What behaviors are rated in the Strange Situation classifications?
      Seeking contact, maintaining contact, avoidance
    • What are Ainsworth’s three attachment types?
      Avoidant, secure, ambivalent
    • What percentage of children had secure attachments in Ainsworth's original study?
      65%
    • What criticisms exist regarding Ainsworth's attachment types?
      Comparing type B with A and C is problematic
    • What were the attachment type percentages in America?
      70% type B, 20% type A, 10% type C
    • How do cultural differences affect attachment types?
      Different cultural values influence attachment behaviors
    • What is the fourth attachment type identified by Main & Solomon?
      Insecure disorganized
    • What might cause disorganized attachment?
      Fear of caregivers or unresolved parental issues
    • What are the four major patterns of attachment in infancy?
      Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized
    • What influences the development of attachment types?
      Genetics and environmental factors
    • What did twin studies reveal about attachment concordance?
      70% concordance for MZ twins
    • What is the Maternal Sensitivity Hypothesis?
      Maternal sensitivity predicts attachment security
    • What are the limitations of attachment theory?
      Cultural and individual differences exist
    • What issues does attachment theory raise regarding caregivers?
      Role of mother and other caregivers is questioned
    • What did Belsky (1988) find about early childcare?
      Increased non-maternal care leads to insecure attachment
    • What did Clarke-Stewart (1991) find about childcare?
      Home care leads to better intellectual development
    • How can quality childcare offset poor parenting?
      Quality childcare can mitigate negative effects
    • How can attachment type predict later development?
      Attachment type influences emotional responses later
    • What did Kochanska (2001) study about infants?
      Infants assessed for fear, anger, or joy
    • What are the adult attachment classifications in the AAI?
      Autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, unresolved
    • What is the link between AAI and SS according to Main et al. (1985)?
      Support for intergenerational transmission of attachment
    • What did Waters et al. (2002) find in their longitudinal study?
      Strange Situation classifications predict adult attachments
    • What is the 'maternal deprivation' hypothesis?
      Importance of mother love for mental health
    • What did Harlow's study with monkeys demonstrate?
      Monkeys preferred cloth mother for comfort
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