Western Front

• What was the Ypres Salient important for during WWI?

  It was on the way to Channel ports
• Why was the Ypres Salient vulnerable?

  It was surrounded by German forces
• What was used by the British at Ypres?

  Tunnelling and mines
• When did the first Battle of Ypres take place?

  October to November 1914
• What significant event occurred during the second Battle of Ypres?

  First use of chlorine gas by Germans
• When did the third Battle of Ypres occur?

  July to November 1917
• When did the Battle of Arras take place?

  April 1917
• What facilitated tunnelling below Arras?

  The chalky ground made tunnelling easy
• What was created in the tunnels below Arras?

  Rooms with running water and electricity
• What was the purpose of the trench system developed in 1914?

  To create an effective defensive network
• How deep were the trenches dug in 1914?

  About 2.5 metres deep
• What pattern were the trenches dug in?

  Zig-zag pattern
• What is the front line trench?

  The trench nearest the enemy
• Where is the command trench located?

  10-20 metres behind the firing line
• What is the support trench's distance from the front line?

  200-500 metres behind the front line
• Where is the reserve trench located?

  At least 100 metres behind the support trench
• What was the purpose of the communication trench?

  Linked the front line with other trenches
• When did the Battle of the Somme take place?

  July to November 1916
• What is the significance of the Battle of the Somme?

  It is remembered for its high casualty rate
• How many casualties did the British Army suffer on the first day of the Somme?

  Nearly 60,000 casualties
• How many Allied casualties were there in total during the Somme?

  Over 400,000 Allied casualties
• What pressure did the Somme put on medical services?

  It put enormous pressure on medical services
• When did the Battle of Cambrai take place?

  October 1917
• How many tanks were used during the Battle of Cambrai?

  Over 450 large-scale tanks
• What was a major issue during the Battle of Cambrai?

  Tanks lacked infantry support
• What is No Man's Land?

  The land between Allied and German trenches
• What made moving the wounded difficult in the trench system?

  Complicated trench system and equipment
• Why was communication about the wounded difficult?

  Especially during major battles
• What made collecting the wounded from No Man's Land dangerous?

  It was frequently done under fire
• How did mud affect movement in the trenches?

  Made movement difficult
• What challenge did stretcher bearers face in the trenches?

  Difficulty moving around corners
• What was the impact of terrain on the treatment of the wounded?

  Complicated evacuation routes and conditions
• What caused trench fever?

  Transmitted by body lice
• What were the symptoms of trench fever?

  Flu-like symptoms and high fever
• What caused trench foot?

  Standing in mud and waterlogged trenches
• What were the symptoms of trench foot?

  Painful swelling in their feet
• What was the treatment for trench foot?

  Clean and dry feet; amputation in severe cases
• What was the prevention method for trench foot?

  Changing socks and keeping feet dry
• What was shell-shock caused by?

  Stressful conditions of war
• What were the symptoms of shell-shock?

  Tiredness, nightmares, and mental breakdown