western front

• What was the area where the Allies fought the German Imperial Army called?

  The Western Front
• Why did the Germans and Allies build trenches in 1914?

  They couldn't defeat each other outright
• How many British casualties were there on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?

  60,000
• What was the role of Medical Officers during the Battle of the Somme?

  To treat tens of thousands of casualties
• How did the number of Medical Officers change from the Battle of the Somme to the Third Battle of Ypres?

  Increased from 174 to 379 Medical Officers
• What was the purpose of using mines at Arras and Ypres in 1917?

  To break through enemy lines with fewer losses
• What is a salient in military terms?

  A line pushed into the enemy's territory
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917?

  Allies broke German defenses but lost ground
• Who set up a blood bank before the Battle of Cambrai?

  Captain Robertson
• What were trenches designed to do?

  Protect soldiers from enemy attacks
• What were 'breastworks' in trench construction?

  Sandbags full of clay built upwards
• What was the purpose of the parapet in a trench?

  To protect soldiers from enemy fire
• How did barbed wire help in trench warfare?

  It made it harder for enemy infantry to attack
• What was 'no man's land'?

  The ground between opposing trenches
• What was the function of the firing step in a trench?

  To allow soldiers to fire rifles safely
• What was the purpose of the parados in a trench?

  To protect soldiers from shell explosions
• What were the three methods of trench construction?

  • Entrenching: Soldiers digging straight down
  • Sapping: One man digging outwards
  • Tunnelling: Digging while leaving a layer of earth on top
• What was the ideal depth of trenches?

  Six or seven feet deep
• How did underground warfare feature on the Western Front?

  Both sides tunneled under no man's land
• What was the significance of the tunnel network built by the Allies under Arras?

  It allowed hiding 24,000 men before battle
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Arras in 1917?

  Over 150,000 British casualties
• What was the impact of trench warfare on transport networks?

  It damaged roads and made movement difficult
• What was the Chain of Evacuation?

  A system to move wounded men quickly
• What was the role of the RAMC during the war?

  To run Field Ambulances and treat casualties
• What was the purpose of Regimental Aid Posts (RAP)?

  To provide first aid to injured soldiers
• What did the FANY provide to the Allied armies?

  Transport services for wounded men
• What were the conditions in the trenches like for soldiers?

  Exposed to illnesses and gas attacks
• How did trench maps help in studying trench systems?

  Provided realistic layouts of trenches
• What were the advantages of using motor ambulances by the RAMC?

  Increased speed in evacuating casualties
• What was the role of the FANY during the war?

  To move wounded men and supplies
• How did the weather affect the conditions in the trenches?

  Caused exposure and frostbite among soldiers
• What were the main roles of the RAMC and FANY during WWI?

  • RAMC: Treated casualties, ran Field Ambulances
  • FANY: Provided transport, ran mobile kitchens, and staffed hospitals
• What was the role of the FANY during the war?

  They moved supplies and wounded men.
• Why were canal barges used during the war?

  To move the worst cases of wounded men.
• What did the FANY run besides a mobile soup kitchen?

  A mobile bathing vehicle.
• What was the Chain of Evacuation?

  A system to move men from the Front.
• What were the conditions in the trenches like?

  • Exposed soldiers to illnesses and infections
  • Risk of gas attacks
  • Suffered from cold and frostbite
  • Flooded trenches caused trench foot
• What condition was caused by standing in flooded trenches?

  Trench foot.
• What caused dysentery in the trenches?

  Dirty water and unhygienic latrines.
• What were soldiers at risk of due to vermin in the trenches?

  Diseases like trench fever and typhus.