Polysaccharides

• What are polysaccharides created from?

  Glucose monomers
• What type of reactions create polysaccharides?

  Condensation reactions
• What are the three polysaccharides to know?

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
• Where is starch found?

  In plants
• What is the function of cellulose?

  Provides structural strength
• Where is glycogen found?

  In animals
• What is the function of glycogen?

  Stores glucose
• What is the relationship between structure and function in polysaccharides?

  • Structure determines function
  • Specific bonds and arrangements affect properties
  • Example: Helical structure of starch allows compact storage
• What type of glucose do starch and glycogen consist of?

  Alpha glucose
• What type of glycosidic bonds does amylose have?

  1-4 glycosidic bonds
• What is the structure of amylopectin?

  Branched polymer
• What type of glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have?

  1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• How does glycogen differ from amylopectin?

  Glycogen has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• What is the monomer of cellulose?

  Beta glucose
• What type of glycosidic bonds does cellulose have?

  1-4 glycosidic bonds
• How do cellulose chains provide structural strength?

  By forming hydrogen bonds
• What is a fibril in cellulose structure?

  A structure formed by parallel chains
• Why are polysaccharides insoluble in water?

  They do not affect water potential
• What advantage does the branching of glycogen provide?

  Rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
• Why do animals need a highly branched store of glucose?

  For rapid energy release during movement
• What are the key points to note about polysaccharides?

  • Monomers: Alpha and beta glucose
  • Bonds: Glycosidic bonds (1-4 and 1-6)
  • Functions: Storage and structural roles
  • Locations: Plants and animals
• How does the structure of starch relate to its function?

  • Helical shape allows compact storage
  • Branching in amylopectin increases surface area
  • Insoluble nature prevents osmotic pressure changes
• How does cellulose's structure provide its function?

  • Long straight chains provide rigidity
  • Hydrogen bonds create strength
  • Prevents cell bursting under turgor pressure