ATP

• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What is the primary function of ATP in biological processes?

  Immediate source of energy
• What are the three components of ATP?

  Adenine, ribose, three phosphates
• What type of sugar is found in ATP?

  Pentose sugar, specifically ribose
• What type of phosphates are in ATP?

  Inorganic phosphate groups
• How is ATP synthesized during respiration?

  By adding an inorganic phosphate to ADP
• What enzyme is used to synthesize ATP?

  ATP synthase
• What happens during ATP hydrolysis?

  One phosphate bond is broken
• What enzyme is involved in ATP hydrolysis?

  ATP hydrolase
• Why is ATP described as an immediate source of energy?

  Only one bond needs to be hydrolyzed
• What is phosphorylation in the context of ATP?

  Adding a phosphate group to a molecule
• What is a key difference between ATP and glucose as energy sources?

  ATP releases small, manageable energy amounts
• Why is it beneficial that ATP releases small amounts of energy?

  It prevents energy waste and overheating
• Can ATP pass out of a cell?

  No, it cannot diffuse through membranes
• How does glucose differ from ATP in terms of transport within cells?

  Glucose can move in and out of cells
• What are the key properties of ATP compared to glucose?

  • Immediate energy source
  • Releases small, manageable energy amounts
  • Small and soluble for easy transport
  • Only one bond hydrolyzed for energy release
  • Phosphorylation capability
  • Cannot pass out of cells
• What is the process of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis?

  • ATP synthesis:
  • ADP + inorganic phosphate → ATP (using ATP synthase)
  • ATP hydrolysis:
  • ATP → ADP + inorganic phosphate (using ATP hydrolase)
• How does phosphorylation relate to ATP's function in metabolism?

  • ATP hydrolysis releases energy
  • Inorganic phosphate can be added to other molecules
  • Increases reactivity of those molecules