Eukaryotic cells

• What are the ten organelles students need to know in detail?

  • Cell membrane
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplast
• What is the external layer of animal cells called?

  Cell surface membrane
• What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have on its surface?

  Ribosomes
• What is the shape of the Golgi apparatus?

  Slightly curved
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Digestive enzymes for breaking down materials
• What do lysosomes contain?

  Digestive enzymes
• What is the main function of mitochondria?

  Produce ATP through respiration
• What are ribosomes made of?

  Proteins and rRNA
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

  Support and store substances
• What is the outer layer of the vacuole called?

  Tonoplast
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What is the cell wall made of in plants?

  Cellulose
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  Controls entry and exit of substances
• How does the structure of the plasma membrane contribute to its function?

  Phospholipid bilayer allows selective permeability
• What are the key features of the nucleus?

  • Nuclear envelope with pores
  • Contains nucleoplasm
  • Houses chromosomes
  • Produces RNA in nucleolus
• What are the key features of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Smooth ER: lipid synthesis and storage
  • Rough ER: protein synthesis with ribosomes
  • Folded cisternae structure
• What are the key features of the Golgi apparatus?

  • Folded membranes (cisternae)
  • Processes and packages proteins
  • Forms lysosomes and vesicles
• What are the key features of mitochondria?

  • Double membrane structure
  • Inner membrane folded into cristae
  • Site of ATP production
• What are the key features of ribosomes?

  • Composed of proteins and rRNA
  • Two subunits (large and small)
  • Site of protein synthesis
• What are the key features of vacuoles in plant cells?

  • Fluid-filled structure
  • Single membrane (tonoplast)
  • Provides support and stores substances
• What are the key features of chloroplasts?

  • Double membrane structure
  • Contains thylakoid membranes (grana)
  • Site of photosynthesis
• What are the key features of the cell wall?

  • Found in plant and fungal cells
  • Made of cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi)
  • Provides structural strength
• What are the key features of the plasma membrane?

  • Phospholipid bilayer structure
  • Embedded proteins for transport
  • Controls substance movement in and out