self report techniques

• What do self-report techniques involve?

  Methods for individuals to express opinions
• What are the two types of non-experimental investigations in self-report techniques?

  Questionnaires and interviews
• What is a questionnaire?

  A method assessing thoughts through written questions
• How do interviews differ from questionnaires?

  Interviews involve live encounters with questions
• What type of data do open questions in questionnaires collect?

  Qualitative data
• What is a strength of open questions in questionnaires?

  They provide rich depth and detail
• What is a limitation of open questions in questionnaires?

  Difficult to convert to statistical data
• What type of data do closed questions in questionnaires collect?

  Quantitative data
• What is a strength of closed questions in questionnaires?

  Easy to analyze and compare data
• What is a limitation of closed questions in questionnaires?

  Can be limiting and frustrating for participants
• What are the types of scales used in closed questions?

  • Likert scale: Indicates agreement with a statement
  • Rating scales: Identifies strength of feeling
  • Fixed choice scales: Selects from a list of options
• What is a strength of questionnaires?

  Cost-effective and gathers large data quickly
• What is a limitation of online questionnaires?

  Difficult to know if target population answered
• Why can questionnaires take a long time to design?

  Due to the need for clarity and validity
• What is social desirability bias in questionnaires?

  Participants present themselves positively in order to be socially acceptable
• What is acquiescence bias?

  Participants agree with all questions asked
• What factors should be considered when designing questionnaires?

  • Clarity of questions
  • Avoiding jargon and biases
  • Sequencing questions
  • Including filler questions
  • Conducting a pilot study
• What is a structured interview?

  Involves predetermined questions asked in order
• What is a strength of structured interviews?

  Standardization is possible
• What is a limitation of structured interviews?

  Interviewer bias can affect responses
• What characterizes unstructured interviews?

  No predetermined questions, free-flowing conversation
• What is a strength of unstructured interviews?

  Collects lots of data with depth and detail
• What is a limitation of unstructured interviews?

  Difficult to make comparisons between participants
• What are the types of interviews?

  • Structured: Predetermined questions
  • Unstructured: Free-flowing questions
  • Semi-structured: Predetermined questions with follow-ups
• What is important when recording information in interviews?

  Using methods like writing or recording
• What ethical issue must be addressed in interviews?

  Informed consent from participants
• Why is location important in interviews?

  A quiet room helps participants feel comfortable
• What are neutral questions used for in interviews?

  To make participants feel relaxed and establish rapport