Short notes

• What are the two types of evil discussed in the material?

  Natural evil and moral evil
• What does moral evil involve?

  Actions or inactions of people
• How does Job's story illustrate natural and moral evil?

  He suffers both types of evil and remains faithful
• Who posed the logical problem of evil?

  Epicurus
• What does Epicurus question about God and evil?

  God's ability and willingness to prevent evil
• What is JL Mackie's inconsistent triad regarding God and evil?

  A loving, all-powerful God cannot allow evil
• What type of argument does Mackie use to conclude that God does not exist?

  Deductive, a priori argument
• What does the evidential problem of evil focus on?

  The extent and nature of evil in the world
• Who is the character that illustrates the evidential problem of evil in Dostoyevsky's work?

  Ivan, the public prosecutor
• What does JS Mill argue about the existence of evil?

  Some evils are unacceptable, like famine
• What is Hick's concept of the "vale of soul making"?

  World as a place for soul development
• How does Hick justify the existence of evil?

  Evil is necessary for developing virtues
• What does Hick's two-stage creation imply?

  We need evil to become like God
• What is the value of free will according to the text?

  It justifies the existence of evil
• What does epistemic distance refer to?

  Free will allows for true choices
• What is the counterfactual hypothesis regarding a world without suffering?

  It would lack value for humanity
• How does universal salvation relate to injustices?

  It justifies excessive injustices
• What is Hick's response to the logical problem of evil?

  Moral evil arises from human free will
• What does Hick argue about the nature of true virtues?

  They are discovered through suffering
• What is the Free Will Defence (FWD)?

  A collection of ideas about free will
• How does Augustine view the existence of evil?

  Evil is an absence of good
• What does the Contradiction Argument state?

  Evil is necessary for free will
• How does Plantinga respond to Mackie's argument?

  True freedom includes potential for evil
• What does Swinburne argue about the extent of evil?

  It helps us show compassion
• What is the main idea of Process Theodicy?

  God's relationship with the universe is panentheistic
• How does Griffin view God's omnipotence?

  God is not omnipotent
• What does Griffin argue about the nature of evil?

  Evil is part of the universe's processes
• How does Process Theodicy explain God's actions?

  God persuades rather than intervenes directly
• What is the significance of suffering in Process Theodicy?

  It is shared by God and humanity
• What is a key criticism of Process Theodicy?

  It lacks a clear understanding of justice
• How does Process Theodicy view the afterlife?

  It posits there is no afterlife
• What is a strength of Process Theodicy?

  It explains natural evil through ex-materia
• What is a weakness of Process Theodicy?

  It anthropomorphizes God excessively
• How does the text suggest students should approach exam questions?

  Link ideas to logical or evidential problems